Use This Visualization Ranked: Countries with the Largest Currency Reserves See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download the app for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Key Takeaways: China holds over $3.4 trillion in foreign exchange reserves, nearly 3x more than Japan. Seven of the world’s 10 largest reserve holders are in Asia, reflecting decades of export-led growth. Despite being the world’s largest economy, the U.S. ranks only 13th because the dollar is the world’s primary reserve currency. Today’s largest reserve holders were shaped by a crisis that happened nearly three decades ago. After the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis exposed the risks of relying on foreign capital during market turmoil, many governments began building massive foreign exchange reserves as a form of economic self-insurance. Using data from the IMF’s International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity (IRFCL) database, this visualization ranks countries by their foreign exchange reserves excluding gold, based on the latest available reporting periods from mid-2025 through Q2 2026. The Countries Holding the Most Reserves The table below shows the countries with the largest foreign exchange reserve holdings. RankCountryForeign Exchange Reserves ($B)Region 1 China3,410.5Asia 2 Japan1,259.2Asia 3 Switzerland932.3Europe 4 Taiwan602.5Asia 5 India543.0Asia 6 Saudi Arabia458.6Middle East 7 Hong Kong442.1Asia 8 Russia434.5Europe/Eurasia 9 South Korea423.1Asia 10 Singapore419.3Asia 11 Brazil344.2Latin America 12 United Arab Emirates251.4Middle East 13 United States244.6North America 14 Thailand237.1Asia 15 Mexico236.2Latin America 16 Israel235.7Middle East 17 Poland193.2Europe 18 United Kingdom162.9Europe 19 Czechia154.5Europe 20 Indonesia146.2Asia 21 Malaysia117.2Asia 22 Germany102.8Europe 23 Philippines91.5Asia 24 Italy88.6Europe 25 Denmark88.5Europe 26 Spain87.3Europe 27 France86.0Europe 28 Iraq85.0Middle East 29 Romania78.2Europe 30 Turkey76.6Europe/Eurasia One clear pattern stands out in the rankings: Asia dominates. Seven of the world’s 10 largest reserve holders are located in the region, together accounting for roughly two-thirds of global foreign exchange reserves. This concentration reflects decades of export-led growth, persistent trade surpluses, and a policy focus on maintaining large financial buffers. Why the U.S. Ranks So Low One of the most surprising aspects of the rankings is the relatively low position of the United States. Although it remains the world’s largest economy, the U.S. holds far fewer foreign exchange reserves than many Asian economies and ranks only 13th globally. The explanation lies in the unique role of the U.S. dollar. Because the dollar serves as the world’s primary reserve currency and dominates global trade, the United States generally does not need to accumulate large quantities of foreign currencies. Countries around the world demand dollars for trade, investment, and central bank reserves, allowing the U.S. to settle obligations in its own currency. As a result, U.S. policymakers allow the dollar to float freely rather than actively managing its exchange rate through large-scale reserve interventions. This contrasts with many export-oriented economies that maintain substantial reserve stockpiles to support financial stability and manage currency fluctuations. Why Countries Build Massive Currency Reserves Foreign exchange reserves act as a country’s emergency fund. Central banks can use them to stabilize currencies during market turmoil, pay for essential imports, service foreign debt, or reassure investors during periods of capital flight. The larger the reserve buffer, the greater a country’s ability to respond to external economic shocks without relying on foreign assistance. The importance of reserve accumulation became especially clear after the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis. Many Asian economies experienced severe currency collapses and were forced to seek external assistance. In the years that followed, governments across the region adopted a strategy of building substantial reserve buffers as a form of economic self-insurance. What Large Reserves Mean for the Global Economy Large reserve holdings can provide important benefits. Countries with substantial reserves are often better positioned to weather external shocks and maintain investor confidence during periods of market stress. However, reserves also come with costs. Funds invested in reserve assets are typically held in low-yield government securities rather than being deployed elsewhere in the economy. Policymakers must therefore balance the security provided by reserves against the opportunity cost of holding them. The rankings illustrate how global financial influence extends beyond the size of an economy alone. While the U.S. remains central to the international monetary system because of the dollar’s dominant role, Asia’s massive reserve holdings underscore the region’s importance in global trade, manufacturing, and cross-border capital flows. Learn More on the Voronoi App Want to explore how currencies have performed against one another in a rapidly changing global economy? Check out Mapped: How Major Currency Performance Shifted in 2025 on the Voronoi app to see which currencies have strengthened, weakened, and reshaped global markets this year.

Charted: Three in Four World Cup Stars Play Abroad This was originally posted on our Voronoi app. Download the app for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Key Takeaways: Roughly three in four World Cup players compete for clubs outside the country they represent internationally Several national teams source more than 90% of their squads from foreign leagues, while others rely heavily on domestic competitions. Europe’s biggest leagues have become the world’s primary destination for elite football talent. International football is played between nations, but the players themselves increasingly build their careers abroad. Today, roughly 75% of World Cup players compete for clubs outside the country they represent, compared with about one in four in 1990. Europe’s biggest leagues have become the sport’s global talent hub, attracting elite players from nearly every continent. This visualization, created by DataPulse using data from FinAlarm and Transfermarkt, shows which World Cup nations export the most football talent and which continue to rely primarily on domestic leagues. Why Football Talent Moves Abroad The biggest reason players move abroad is simple: the world’s richest leagues offer higher salaries, stronger competition, and better development opportunities. England’s Premier League, Spain’s La Liga, Germany’s Bundesliga, Italy’s Serie A, and France’s Ligue 1 attract elite talent from nearly every footballing nation. The table below shows the share of World Cup players competing abroad. World Cup Teams% of Abroad Players Cape Verde100% Curaçao100% DR Congo100% Ivory Coast100% Senegal100% Uruguay100% Bosnia & Herz.96.2% Colombia96.2% Ghana96.2% Haiti96.2% Argentina92.3% Croatia92.3% Ecuador92.3% Morocco92.3% Netherlands92.3% Panama92.3% Switzerland92.3% Canada92.0% Algeria88.5% Belgium88.5% Japan88.5% Paraguay88.5% Sweden88.5% Austria88.0% Norway84.6% Australia80.8% Portugal80.8% Tunisia76.9% Brazil73.1% South Korea73.1% USA73.1% France69.2% New Zealand69.2% Scotland69.2% Iraq61.5% Jordan57.7% Mexico53.8% Türkiye42.3% Uzbekistan42.3% Czechia34.6% Egypt34.6% Iran34.6% Spain34.6% Germany26.9% South Africa26.9% England19.2% Qatar3.8% Saudi Arabia3.8% The data highlights just how international modern football has become. While some countries retain a larger share of players in domestic leagues, many squads rely overwhelmingly on athletes who compete overseas, particularly in Europe’s top divisions. National Teams, Global Careers The World Cup creates an unusual contrast. While players unite under their national flags during major tournaments, many spend the rest of their careers alongside teammates from dozens of other countries. Studies from both Phys.org and Oxford University’s COMPAS Migration Observatory suggest that countries with greater access to international football networks often benefit from enhanced player development and broader talent pipelines. Researchers examining international football migration have found that player mobility can strengthen national teams by exposing athletes to higher levels of competition and tactical diversity. The European Magnet Effect European football clubs sit at the center of the global talent market. The continent’s leading leagues generate billions in broadcasting revenue and consistently attract top players from Africa, Asia, the Americas, and Oceania. This concentration of talent creates a powerful feedback loop. Players move abroad to improve their careers, while clubs gain access to deeper talent pools. National teams then benefit when these players return for international competition with experience gained at some of the world’s strongest clubs. A Surprising Contrast One of the clearest patterns in the data is how differently countries develop elite football talent. African nations such as Senegal, Morocco, and Cameroon have some of the highest shares of national team players competing abroad, with many stars building their careers in Europe’s top leagues. By contrast, countries including Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates retain a much larger share of their talent in domestic competitions after investing heavily in local leagues. The result is two distinct development models: one that exports elite players to stronger overseas competitions, and another that prioritizes building competitive domestic leagues while keeping more national team players at home. The modern World Cup is both a competition between nations and a showcase of football’s highly interconnected global labor market. Learn More on the Voronoi App Football’s globalization extends beyond players to the clubs themselves. See which organizations command the greatest brand value in The World’s Most Valuable Football Club Brands on the Voronoi app.

Mapped: The World’s Top Innovation Clusters See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download the app for free on iOS or Android and discover data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Key Takeaways: China hosts 24 of the world’s top 100 innovation clusters, surpassing the U.S. (22) for the largest number of leading hubs. The world’s top 10 innovation clusters generate nearly 40% of global patent filings, showing how concentrated global innovation has become. Just 33 economies account for all 100 leading clusters, which together represent roughly 70% of global patent applications and venture capital activity. Innovation is often discussed at the national level, but breakthrough technologies tend to emerge from smaller geographic hubs where researchers, startups, investors, and established companies interact closely. Using data from the World Intellectual Property Organization’s (WIPO) Global Innovation Index 2025, this graphic ranks the world’s top innovation clusters based on scientific publications, international patent filings, and venture capital activity. The rankings highlight where research, capital, and entrepreneurship are combining to create the world’s most influential innovation ecosystems. Where Are the World’s Top Innovation Clusters? The table below shows the world’s leading innovation clusters according to WIPO’s 2025 rankings. RankInnovation ClusterCountry 1Shenzhen–Hong Kong–Guangzhou China / Hong Kong 2Tokyo–Yokohama Japan 3San Jose–San Francisco United States 4Beijing China 5Seoul South Korea 6Shanghai–Suzhou China 7New York City United States 8London United Kingdom 9Boston–Cambridge United States 10Los Angeles United States 11Osaka–Kobe–Kyoto Japan 12Paris France 13Hangzhou China 14San Diego United States 15Nanjing China 16Singapore Singapore / Malaysia 17Washington–Baltimore United States 18Wuhan China 19Tel Aviv–Jerusalem Israel 20Seattle United States 21Bengaluru India 22Amsterdam–Rotterdam Netherlands 23Philadelphia United States 24Chengdu China 25Daejeon South Korea 26Delhi India 27Munich Germany 28Nagoya Japan 29Xi'an China 30Berlin Germany 31Chicago United States 32Stockholm Sweden 33Toronto Canada 34Qingdao China 35Denver United States 36Sydney Australia 37Austin United States 38Houston United States 39Hefei China 40Zürich Switzerland 41Taipei–Hsinchu Taiwan* 42Copenhagen Denmark 43Cologne Germany 44Changsha China 45Barcelona Spain 46Mumbai India 47Madrid Spain 48Moscow Russia 49São Paulo Brazil 50Tianjin China 51Minneapolis United States 52Melbourne Australia 53Raleigh United States 54Stuttgart Germany 55Brussels–Antwerp Belgium 56Milan Italy 57Chongqing China 58Istanbul Turkey 59Atlanta United States 60Helsinki Finland 61Dallas United States 62Montréal Canada 63Tehran Iran 64Frankfurt am Main Germany 65Eindhoven Netherlands 66Vancouver Canada 67Miami United States 68Jinan China 69Cambridge United Kingdom 70Harbin China 71Dublin Ireland 72Changchun China 73Portland United States 74Vienna Austria 75Shenyang China 76Pittsburgh United States 77Oxford United Kingdom 78Phoenix United States 79Mexico City Mexico 80Zhengzhou China 81Xiamen China 82Rome Italy 83Cairo Egypt 84Chennai India 85Oslo Norway 86Kuala Lumpur Malaysia 87Heidelberg–Mannheim Germany 88Dalian China 89Warsaw Poland 90Lyon France 91Hamburg Germany 92Salt Lake City United States 93Ningbo China 94Manchester United Kingdom 95Busan South Korea 96Ann Arbor United States 97Göteborg Sweden 98Macau–Zhuhai China 99Ningde China 100Zhenjiang China China and the U.S. dominate the rankings, while innovation hotspots in Japan, South Korea, Europe, and India also feature prominently. Shenzhen–Hong Kong–Guangzhou claims the top spot globally, followed by Tokyo–Yokohama and Silicon Valley’s San Jose–San Francisco corridor. Unlike city rankings, WIPO’s clusters often span multiple metropolitan areas and even national borders. The organization uses a bottom-up methodology that identifies regions with dense concentrations of inventors and scientific authors, rather than relying on political boundaries. As a result, clusters often represent entire innovation ecosystems rather than individual cities. The Concentration of Innovation Innovation clusters emerge because talent, capital, and institutions tend to reinforce one another. Leading research universities attract scientists, successful startups attract investors, and large technology firms create opportunities for commercialization. Over time, these advantages compound. This dynamic helps explain why a handful of regions consistently dominate global innovation. Silicon Valley benefits from world-class universities, deep venture capital markets, and a culture of entrepreneurship. Similarly, China’s leading clusters have been supported by sustained investment in research, advanced manufacturing, and technology commercialization. The concentration of innovation has become an increasingly important factor in global economic competition. Recent analysis from Foreign Affairs argues that technological leadership is now a central pillar of geopolitical power, while research from CSIS highlights how government-supported R&D ecosystems can accelerate innovation capacity. China’s Rise Reshapes the Innovation Map One of the most notable trends in recent years has been the rapid rise of Chinese innovation clusters. Shenzhen–Hong Kong–Guangzhou now ranks as the world’s leading cluster, while Beijing and Shanghai–Suzhou also place among the global elite. China hosts more top-100 clusters than any other economy. At the same time, the U.S. remains a dominant force in commercialization and venture capital. New York, Los Angeles, Boston, Seattle, and Silicon Valley continue to rank among the world’s most influential innovation ecosystems. In areas such as artificial intelligence innovation, American clusters continue to attract a disproportionate share of global investment and entrepreneurial activity. Learn More on the Voronoi App To see how innovation leadership has evolved over centuries, and what today’s leading clusters might signal about the future, check out Long Waves: The History of Innovation Cycles on the Voronoi app.

Ranked: The World’s Most Valuable Unicorns in 2026 See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Key Takeaways The world’s 30 most valuable unicorns are worth a combined $3.9 trillion. AI companies account for roughly 60% of that combined valuation. Just two companies, Anthropic and OpenAI, make up nearly half of the total value shown in this ranking. The world’s most valuable unicorns are no longer led by fintech, e-commerce, or social media platforms. In 2026, artificial intelligence companies dominate the top of the private-market rankings. This graphic ranks the world’s most valuable unicorn companies, defined as private firms valued at $1 billion or more. The data comes from Crunchbase, based on each firm’s latest reported private-market valuation. AI Dominates the Unicorn Landscape Anthropic tops the ranking with a valuation of $965 billion, followed closely by OpenAI at $852 billion. Together, these two AI leaders are worth a combined $1.8 trillion. RankCompanyValuation 1 Anthropic$965B 2 OpenAI$852B 3 ByteDance$480B 4 Stripe$159B 5 Ant Group$150B 6 Databricks$134B 7 Waymo$126B 8 Reliance Retail$101B 9 Revolut$75B 10 Shein$66B 11 Anduril Industries$61B 12 Reliance Jio$58B 13 Ramp$44B 14 Canva$42B 15 Checkout.com$40B 16 Ripple$40B 17 Figure$39B 18 Project Prometheus$38B 19 Safe Superintelligence$32B 20 Fanatics$31B 21 Alibaba Bendi Shenghuo Fuwu Gongsi$30B 22 VAST Data$30B 23 Anysphere$29B 24 Scale$29B 25 Cognition$26B 26 OKX$25B 27 FNZ$24B 28 JUUL$23B 29 Epic Games$23B 30 Yangtze Memory Technologies$23B Beyond the top two, several other AI-focused companies appear in the rankings, including Databricks, Figure, Safe Superintelligence, Anysphere, Scale AI, and Cognition. The United States Leads Global Unicorn Creation American companies dominate the list, accounting for a substantial majority of the top-ranked unicorns. This leadership reflects the depth of U.S. venture capital markets, access to technical talent, and a mature startup ecosystem capable of scaling companies to enormous valuations. At the same time, the list highlights how innovation remains geographically diverse. China, India, the United Kingdom, Australia, and Seychelles are all represented among the world’s most valuable private companies. Fintech, Commerce, and Mobility Remain Major Themes While AI captures much of the spotlight, several of the world’s largest unicorns operate in other industries. Stripe, Revolut, Checkout.com, and Ramp are among the highest-valued fintech companies, reflecting ongoing demand for digital financial services. China’s ByteDance remains one of the largest private companies globally, while Shein continues to demonstrate the scale that online retail platforms can achieve. In mobility and transportation, Waymo’s valuation highlights investor optimism surrounding autonomous driving technologies. The list also includes Alibaba Bendi Shenghuo Fuwu Gongsi, Alibaba Group’s local services division, which includes food delivery and on-demand commerce platforms. Learn More on the Voronoi App If you enjoyed today’s post, check out Ranked: The Biggest U.S. Companies by Revenue (2024–2026) on Voronoi.

Published 12 hours ago on June 24, 2026 By Cody Good Graphics & Design Akhila Ayyalasomayajula Twitter Facebook LinkedIn Reddit Pinterest Email The following content is sponsored by Global X Canada Charted: How Many Years of Supply Life Are Left for Commodities? Key Takeaways Rare earth metals had the largest reduction in supply life, losing nearly 300 years worth of supply between 2020 and 2025. Lithium (-127 years) and uranium (-31 years) followed rare earths, while other commodities like oil & gas, copper, and gold all remained relatively stable. In just five years, the world has reduced the supply life of rare earth metals by nearly 300 years.  This graphic, in partnership with Global X Canada, is the first of three graphics in the Investing in Commodities series. It shows how the supply life of different critical commodities has changed between 2020-2025 using data from the USGS, OPEC, and NEA. Rare Earths With the Steepest Drop Rare earth metals recorded the biggest change between 2020 and 2025. Their estimated supply life fell from 500 years to 218 years, a drop of 282 years. Critical Commodity20202025 Rare Earth Metals500218 Lithium255128 Uranium12190 Oil6158 Natural Gas5151 Cobalt5039 Copper4243 Silver2123 Gold1720 Source: USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries (2021 – 2026); OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin; Nuclear Energy Agency For uranium, the 2020 and 2025 values are estimated from 2021 and 2023 NEA data points. Lithium supply life declined by 127 years, while uranium had a smaller drop of 31 years. These drops matter for electric vehicles, wind turbines, and defense technologies that all rely on steady rare earths  and other critical minerals. Traditional Commodities More Stable The sharpest supply-life shifts centered on critical minerals, not legacy commodities. Cobalt is the lone critical mineral with moderate change, having a decline of 11 years. For legacy commodities, oil had a modest reduction of 4 years while the precious metals, silver and gold, saw slight increases in supply while others stayed essentially flat. Investing in Commodities For investors, shrinking supply life can signal where demand growth may collide with limited resource availability. It can also highlight geopolitical risk when supply remains heavily concentrated in just a handful of countries. Commodity ETFs can offer diversified access without selecting individual producers. As demand grows, Global X Canada’s ETFs may help investors position around long-term resource trends. To learn more, explore the Global X All-In-One Commodity Producers Equity ETF (COMX). Minimize the guesswork of trying to pick which commodity segment may outperform each year. See how COMX offers diversified access across precious metals, energy, and base metals producers. 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Ranked: Top 25 Private Landowners in the U.S. This was originally posted on our Voronoi app. Download the app for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Key Takeaways: The top 25 private landowners in America collectively control roughly 24.5 million acres, an area comparable to the entire state of Indiana. Stan Kroenke ranks first with 2.7 million acres after adding nearly 937,000 acres through the acquisition of the Singleton Ranches. The top four landowners alone control approximately 9.3 million acres, accounting for nearly 38% of the acreage held by the top 25. America’s largest private landowners oversee vast stretches of ranchland, timberland, farmland, and conservation areas. Using data from The Land Report 100, this visualization created by Julie R. Peasley ranks the 25 individuals and families with the largest landholdings in the country. While public lands often dominate discussions about America’s geography, private ownership remains the prevailing model. Farms, ranches, forests, and other working landscapes account for much of that acreage. America’s Largest Private Landowners The following table ranks the 25 largest private landowners in the United States, based on estimated acreage holdings compiled by The Land Report. RankNameTotal Acres 1Stan Kroenke2,700,000 2Emmerson Family2,440,000 3John Malone2,200,000 4Ted Turner2,000,000 5Reed Family1,615,000 6Peter Buck1,320,000 7Irving Family1,267,000 8King Ranch Heirs911,000 9Pingree Heirs830,000 10Cullen Heirs800,000 11Briscoe Family738,000 12Wilks Brothers652,000 13Thomas Peterffy647,000 14Stefan Soloviev629,000 15Brad Kelley624,000 16Lykes Heirs615,000 17Ford Family600,000 18Westervelt Heirs600,000 19Stimson Family552,000 20Martin Family550,000 21Jeff Bezos462,000 22Zane & Tanya Kiehne455,000 23Shannon Kizer445,000 24Simplot Family443,000 25Fisher Family440,000 Ownership at the top is highly concentrated. The four largest landowners each control at least 2 million acres, and together they hold roughly 9.3 million acres. Even the 25th-ranked owner, the Fisher family, controls approximately 440,000 acres, an area larger than many U.S. counties. Stan Kroenke’s rise to the top spot marks the biggest shift in the latest rankings. The sports and real estate billionaire increased his holdings to 2.7 million acres after acquiring nearly one million additional acres in New Mexico, the largest U.S. land transaction in more than a decade. His portfolio includes ranches across the American West in addition to ownership stakes in the Los Angeles Rams, Denver Nuggets, and Colorado Avalanche, among other sports franchises. His holdings now span roughly 4,200 square miles. Timber, Ranching, and Conservation Dominate the List Despite their diverse backgrounds, many of America’s largest landowners generate value from similar land uses. The Emmerson family, ranked second with 2.44 million acres, built its holdings through Sierra Pacific Industries, America’s largest private timber company. Meanwhile, John Malone, who ranks third with 2.2 million acres, has increasingly focused on conservation initiatives, sustainable agriculture, and land stewardship. Ted Turner, fourth with 2 million acres, is widely known for combining ranching operations with one of North America’s largest private bison conservation efforts. Further down the ranking, several names reflect multigenerational landownership. The King Ranch heirs, Pingree heirs, Cullen heirs, and Briscoe family all trace significant portions of their holdings to historic ranching, timber, and energy fortunes built over decades or even centuries. The list also includes modern entrepreneurs such as Subway co-founder Peter Buck and Amazon founder Jeff Bezos. Despite being one of the world’s wealthiest individuals, Bezos ranks just 21st with roughly 462,000 acres. Why Private Land Ownership Matters Private land ownership plays a central role in how America’s landscapes are managed. According to the USDA, roughly 70% of the nation’s land is privately owned, making private landowners critical partners in conservation, agriculture, forestry, and wildlife management. When a country has more private land than public land, decisions about resource management and habitat protection often depend on individual owners rather than government agencies. Large landowners can therefore have an outsized influence on environmental outcomes, particularly when land remains dedicated to working forests, ranches, or conservation easements. Foreign ownership of U.S. land is another closely watched topic. Foreign entities own tens of millions of acres nationwide, with Canadian entities historically leading foreign ownership of U.S. land, and Chinese entities holding roughly 1% of foreign-owned U.S. acreage. However, the vast majority of acreage on this ranking remains held by U.S.-based individuals and families. Learn More on the Voronoi App Interested in exploring more of America’s largest privately held assets? Check out America’s 10 Biggest Private Companies by Revenue on the Voronoi app to see which privately owned firms generate the most revenue in the country.

Which Countries Hold the Biggest Mineral Reserves? See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Key Takeaways Australia holds the largest reserves of five major minerals, more than any other country in the dataset. China leads in rare earths and graphite reserves, giving it a major position in several strategic supply chains. Some minerals are heavily concentrated in a single country, including platinum-group metals in South Africa (83%) and phosphate in Morocco (69%). A small group of countries controls the world’s largest reserves of many of the minerals that power modern economies. This map shows the top reserve-holding country for 18 key minerals, from iron ore and copper to rare earths and cobalt. In several cases, a single nation accounts for an outsized share of global reserves, creating potential supply chain bottlenecks and geopolitical leverage. The data for this visualization comes from the U.S. Geological Survey’s Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 and the World Nuclear Association. Australia Leads Across Multiple Resources While some countries dominate a single resource, Australia stands out for the breadth of its mineral wealth. It ranks first globally in reserves of five major commodities, giving it one of the most diversified resource bases in the world. The country ranks first in reserves of gold, uranium, iron ore, zinc, and manganese. MineralLargest reservesShare Gold Australia20% Silver Peru18% Copper Chile21% Uranium Australia28% Diamond Russia44% Coal U.S.23% Lithium Chile25% Iron ore Australia31% Bauxite (Aluminum) Guinea26% Rare Earth China52% Nickel Indonesia44% Cobalt DRC50% Phosphate Morocco69% Graphite China32% Zinc Australia27% Potash Canada45% Manganese Australia32% Platinum-Group Metals South Africa83% Its dominance in iron ore is particularly significant, with 31% of global reserves. Australia is also home to 28% of the world’s uranium reserves, making it an important player in the future of nuclear energy. China’s Strategic Resource Position China leads global reserves of both rare earth elements and graphite, two minerals that sit at the center of modern industrial supply chains. Together, they support technologies ranging from EV batteries and wind turbines to semiconductors and advanced defense systems. Rare earths are especially important because they are difficult to substitute in many advanced technologies. Where Mineral Reserves Are Most Concentrated Some of the world’s most important mineral reserves are concentrated in just one country. South Africa holds 83% of global platinum-group metal reserves, Morocco controls 69% of phosphate reserves, and the Democratic Republic of Congo accounts for half of global cobalt reserves. This concentration can make global supply chains highly dependent on a small number of producers. Meanwhile, Indonesia holds 44% of nickel reserves, another key ingredient in electric vehicle batteries. Learn More on the Voronoi App If you enjoyed today’s post, check out Where Are the World’s Rare Earth Metals? on Voronoi, the new app from Visual Capitalist.

Mapped: Where Diesel Prices Have Surged Since the Iran War This was originally posted on our Voronoi app. Download the app for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Key Takeaways: Diesel prices have more than doubled in Laos (+149.7%) and Fiji (+110.1%) since the Iran war began. Several major economies have seen sharp increases, including the U.S. (+40.5%), UK (+30.1%), China (+28.6%), and South Korea (+26.3%). Oil-producing countries such as Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Oman, and Algeria recorded no diesel price growth, highlighting how domestic supply can shield consumers from global energy shocks. Fuel markets have been under pressure since the start of the Iran war, as concerns over oil supply disruptions pushed energy prices higher. This visualization by Iswardi Ishak, using data from Global Petrol Prices, shows how diesel prices changed between February 23 and June 1, revealing where the conflict’s impact on fuel markets has been felt most acutely. Unlike gasoline, diesel is deeply tied to freight transportation, agriculture, manufacturing, and construction, making it an important indicator of broader economic pressures. How Diesel Prices Have Changed Around the World The table below shows diesel price changes for the 128 countries in the dataset: RankCountryDiesel Price Change (Feb 23-Jun 1) 1 Laos149.7% 2 Fiji110.1% 3 Burma (Myanmar)85.6% 4 Lesotho84.4% 5 Indonesia80.1% 6 United Arab Emirates71.8% 7 New Zealand70.6% 8 Peru64.5% 9 Malaysia62.9% 10 Tanzania60.4% 11 Nepal58.5% 12 Curacao55.7% 13 Lebanon54.6% 14 Singapore54.0% 15 Chile54.0% 16 Honduras53.8% 17 Panama53.7% 18 Mayotte52.9% 19 Vietnam49.3% 20 Sri Lanka48.0% 21 South Africa47.9% 22 Philippines46.4% 23 Puerto Rico45.6% 24 Mozambique45.5% 25 Namibia44.0% 26 USA40.5% 27 Sierra Leone40.4% 28 Kenya39.8% 29 Georgia38.9% 30 Pakistan38.1% 31 Zimbabwe37.5% 32 Grenada37.5% 33 Bosnia and Herzegovina36.5% 34 Ukraine35.6% 35 Malawi35.2% 36 Bulgaria35.0% 37 Moldova34.6% 38 Aruba33.2% 39 Morocco32.9% 40 Thailand32.1% 41 Cape Verde32.0% 42 Jordan31.8% 43 Paraguay31.2% 44 Zambia31.1% 45 Costa Rica30.6% 46 United Kingdom30.1% 47 Cambodia29.3% 48 Cayman Islands28.9% 49 China28.6% 50 Cyprus28.1% 51 Andorra28.0% 52 Ghana27.8% 53 El Salvador27.6% 54 Australia27.5% 55 Jamaica26.7% 56 South Korea26.3% 57 Macedonia25.7% 58 Guyana25.0% 59 Montenegro24.8% 60 Argentina24.5% 61 Netherlands24.2% 62 France23.9% 63 Canada23.8% 64 Czech Republic23.6% 65 Hong Kong22.9% 66 Estonia22.7% 67 Guatemala22.5% 68 Latvia21.3% 69 Mauritius20.9% 70 Finland20.9% 71 Liechtenstein20.1% 72 Croatia19.4% 73 Lithuania18.9% 74 Austria18.4% 75 Switzerland18.1% 76 Luxembourg18.1% 77 Uruguay18.0% 78 Suriname18.0% 79 Belgium17.9% 80 Iceland17.7% 81 Slovakia17.2% 82 Italy17.2% 83 Egypt17.1% 84 Portugal17.0% 85 Sweden16.9% 86 Romania16.9% 87 Denmark16.6% 88 Taiwan16.5% 89 Rwanda16.1% 90 Dominican Republic15.6% 91 Ecuador15.0% 92 Bangladesh15.0% 93 Bahrain14.5% 94 Spain14.4% 95 Brazil14.3% 96 Poland13.0% 97 Israel13.0% 98 Slovenia12.4% 99 Greece12.4% 100 Serbia12.1% 101 Ireland11.4% 102 Japan10.8% 103 Wallis and Futuna10.7% 104 India8.3% 105 Turkey8.2% 106 Qatar7.9% 107 Germany7.4% 108 Hungary7.0% 109 Benin4.2% 110 Ivory Coast3.7% 111 Mexico3.6% 112 Colombia2.7% 113 Belarus2.7% 114 Russia1.7% 115 Norway1.3% 116 Tunisia0.0% 117 Saudi Arabia0.0% 118 Saint Lucia0.0% 119 Oman0.0% 120 Nicaragua0.0% 121 Malta0.0% 122 Madagascar0.0% 123 Kuwait0.0% 124 Cameroon0.0% 125 Burkina Faso0.0% 126 Bolivia0.0% 127 Algeria0.0% 128 Barbados-1.2% The data highlights how differently countries have absorbed the shock. While diesel prices surged across much of Asia, Oceania, and parts of Africa, increases were generally more modest across several European economies. Government pricing policies, fuel subsidies, and domestic energy production all help explain these differences. Meanwhile, several major oil-producing countries, including Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Oman, and Algeria, recorded no diesel price growth, underscoring how domestic production and government fuel pricing policies can insulate consumers from global shocks. The Countries Hit Hardest by Diesel Inflation The steepest diesel price increases were concentrated in a diverse group of fuel-importing economies. Laos tops the ranking with a 149.7% increase, followed by Fiji (+110.1%), Myanmar (+85.6%), and Lesotho (+84.4%). A number of countries also recorded increases above 60%, including Indonesia, the United Arab Emirates, New Zealand, Peru, Malaysia, and Tanzania. These gains far exceeded the increases seen across most advanced economies and underscore how global energy shocks can affect countries very differently. How Does This Compare to Gasoline Prices? The diesel surge mirrors trends seen in gasoline markets since the conflict began. In the United States, gasoline prices rose roughly 50% from pre-war levels during the sharpest phase of the crisis, according to reporting from PBS and NBC News. However, some analysts note that gasoline prices have recently begun easing as crude oil markets adjust and fears of major supply disruptions have moderated. Yahoo Finance reports that falling oil prices and improving market sentiment have helped pull fuel prices off their highs, though prices remain elevated relative to pre-war levels. The contrast illustrates a familiar pattern in energy markets: prices can rise rapidly when geopolitical risks emerge but often take longer to normalize once those risks fade. Why Diesel Matters for the Broader Economy Diesel is often viewed as a leading indicator of economic cost pressures because it powers much of the world’s freight network. When diesel prices rise, transportation becomes more expensive, increasing costs for manufacturers, retailers, farmers, and construction firms. Those higher costs can eventually filter through to consumers in the form of broader inflation. In that vein, Reuters found that higher fuel costs are increasing expenses for American farmers, while economists have warned that sustained energy inflation could place additional pressure on consumer prices. Similar concerns have emerged across Europe and Asia as businesses absorb higher transportation and operating costs. This helps explain why investors continue to closely monitor developments in the Middle East. Even small changes in global oil flows can have outsized effects on fuel prices, transportation costs, and economic growth. Learn More on the Voronoi App If you enjoyed this post, check out How Much Does Everyone Pay for Gas Around the Globe? on the Voronoi app to compare fuel prices across countries and see where drivers pay the most, and least, at the pump.

See more visualizations like this on the Voronoi app. Mapped: The States Carrying the Most Debt Per Resident See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Key Takeaways Connecticut carries America’s highest state debt burden at nearly $26,200 per resident, more than 13 times Tennessee’s level. California carries almost $500 billion in state debt, the largest total in the nation, but ranks only 10th on a per-resident basis. Illinois, New Jersey, Hawaii, and Massachusetts also rank among the states with the heaviest debt burdens per resident. When Americans think about government debt, they usually focus on Washington. But states have accumulated billions in obligations of their own. This map shows state government debt per resident across all 50 states using data from the Reason Foundation. While states such as California and New York carry some of the largest debt loads in total dollars, adjusting for population reveals where government obligations are most concentrated. The rankings reflect a mix of borrowing decisions, pension liabilities, and long-term fiscal policies that have accumulated over decades. Where Debt Burdens Are Highest With nearly $100 billion in debt and a population of just 3.7 million, Connecticut has the highest state debt burden in the country. For perspective, it carries more debt than Florida, a state home to 23 million people. This works out to nearly $26,200 in debt per resident, reflecting decades of borrowing and underfunding as tax revenues have failed to keep pace with state spending. The contrast highlights why debt per resident can tell a very different story than total debt alone. RankStateGovernment State Debt per Capita 2023Total Debt 1Connecticut$26,187$94.4B 2New Jersey$22,968$213.4B 3Hawaii$18,909$27.5B 4Delaware$17,535$17.4B 5Illinois$17,391$222.8B 6Massachusetts$17,082$120.1B 7Wyoming$15,433$8.9B 8Alaska$14,861$10.9B 9North Dakota$13,357$10.4B 10California$12,565$496.8B 11Washington$12,118$93.4B 12New York$11,547$233.3B 13Vermont$10,930$7.0B 14Maryland$9,816$60.6B 15Kentucky$9,376$42.3B 16New Mexico$8,637$18.3B 17Louisiana$8,283$38.6B 18Rhode Island$8,093$8.9B 19Colorado$7,469$43.1B 20Texas$7,443$216.9B 21Maine$6,576$8.9B 22Oregon$6,169$26.1B 23West Virginia$5,897$10.6B 24Pennsylvania$5,872$76.4B 25Montana$5,394$5.8B 26Wisconsin$4,943$29.1B 27Mississippi$4,784$14.2B 28Ohio$4,726$55.8B 29Georgia$4,503$48.2B 30New Hampshire$4,374$6.0B 31Minnesota$4,094$23.4B 32Virginia$4,037$34.9B 33Arkansas$3,985$12.0B 34Michigan$3,891$39.2B 35Nevada$3,850$12.0B 36South Carolina$3,578$18.3B 37Arizona$3,443$24.6B 38Missouri$3,438$21.2B 39Kansas$3,427$10.1B 40Alabama$3,350$16.8B 41Florida$3,334$71.8B 42Iowa$3,180$10.2B 43North Carolina$3,086$32.2B 44Indiana$2,975$20.2B 45Oklahoma$2,871$11.4B 46South Dakota$2,776$2.5B 47Idaho$2,625$4.8B 48Nebraska$2,503$4.9B 49Utah$2,006$6.6B 50Tennessee$1,952$13.5B Overall, the highest debt burdens are concentrated in the West and Northeast, including New Jersey, Hawaii, and Massachusetts. Notably, their debt burdens are roughly 10 times higher than those of states such as Utah and Tennessee on a per-resident basis. Why Debt Piles Are So High For decades, states have failed to put aside enough assets to pay for their pension systems. When these obligations compound over time, they can become some of the largest liabilities on state balance sheets, particularly as the population ages. Illinois, for instance, had $145 billion in pension debt at the end of 2023, the nation’s highest tab. California followed behind with $90 billion in pension debt, reflecting a large gap between promised retirement benefits and the assets available to fund them. Tennessee’s Fiscal Discipline Despite having no income tax, Tennessee has the lowest debt per resident in the country and one of the lowest pension burdens overall. Historically, the state has taken a conservative approach to debt issuance, maintained strong reserves, and earned one of the highest credit ratings in the country. As a result, long-term obligations have not accumulated to the same extent as in other states. Tennessee has long been known for its strict approach to public finances, resulting in a per-resident debt burden that is more than 13 times lower than top-ranking Connecticut. The Long Shadow of State Debt State debt varies widely across America, reflecting decades of different borrowing decisions, pension obligations, and fiscal policies. The largest burdens were not created overnight, and in many cases they cannot be solved quickly, leaving states to manage the consequences for years to come. Learn More on the Voronoi App To learn more about this topic, check out this graphic showing where Americans pay the most taxes by state.

Published 2 hours ago on June 23, 2026 By Ryan Bellefontaine Graphics & Design Akhila Ayyalasomayajula Twitter Facebook LinkedIn Reddit Pinterest Email The following content is sponsored by Lloyd's Register Foundation Mapped: People Are Closer on Climate Than They Think Climate action often depends on whether people believe others share their concern. However, new survey data suggests many societies may underestimate public support for treating climate change as serious. This graphic, in partnership with Lloyd’s Register Foundation, shows the gap between personal climate concern and perceived concern among most others using data from World Risk Poll Report 2026. Climate Concern Is More Shared Than It Looks The climate perception gap measures how much personal concern exceeds perceived concern among fellow citizens. In many countries, the difference is positive, meaning people care more than they think others do. Here is a table that shows the climate perception gap by country. RankCountryClimate Change is a Very Serious Threat to the Country in Next 20 Years (%)Most Other People in (Country) View Climate Change as a Very Serious Threat to the Country in Next 20 Years (%)Climate Perception Gap (percentage points) 1 Portugal662442 2 United States511041 3 Italy582038 4 United Kingdom531538 5 Uruguay632636 6 Spain632636 7 Argentina612535 8 France491435 9 Germany632934 10 Chile693634 11 Brazil703832 12 Cyprus602832 13 Australia471532 14 Japan542331 15 Ireland532330 16 Greece623329 17 Slovenia471828 18 Sweden421329 19 Hungary583028 20 Costa Rica764927 21 Mexico653827 22 Canada461927 23 Peru643925 24 Ukraine462125 25 Panama724824 26 Norway351123 27 Singapore411823 28 New Zealand371423 29 Belgium361323 30 Czech Republic32924 31 Bolivia603823 32 Malta472621 33 Jamaica452519 34 Mauritius412121 35 Bulgaria523319 36 Serbia442520 37 Iceland23419 38 Colombia715318 39 Georgia674917 40 Romania584018 41 Armenia371918 42 Finland281018 43 Ecuador634617 44 Honduras624517 45 Turkey584118 46 Venezuela553817 47 Paraguay543717 48 Switzerland533617 49 Netherlands281117 50 Albania594513 51 Russia301614 52 Ghana574414 53 South Africa493613 54 Taiwan463313 55 Slovakia392613 56 Israel372413 57 Latvia332013 58 Kenya594712 59 El Salvador513912 60 Bosnia Herzegovina443212 61 Moldova423012 62 Egypt311912 63 South Korea645312 64 Guatemala554411 65 Tajikistan544312 66 Luxembourg524111 67 Algeria372611 68 Lithuania271611 69 Guinea625210 70 Austria615110 71 Zambia605010 72 Gambia524211 73 Uganda50409 74 Cameroon453510 75 Mali423211 76 Estonia17710 77 Lesotho58499 78 Sierra Leone56479 79 Botswana55469 80 Liberia53449 81 Burkina Faso50419 82 Senegal494010 83 Kosovo42339 84 Gabon40318 85 Morocco33249 86 Tunisia30219 87 Montenegro27189 88 United Arab Emirates27189 89 Malawi86788 90 Philippines61538 91 North Macedonia60528 92 Nigeria43358 93 Jordan30228 94 Hong Kong26188 95 Palestine25178 96 Vietnam72656 97 Iraq38317 98 Indonesia36297 99 Bahrain30237 100 Kuwait1697 101 Zimbabwe54485 102 Pakistan49437 103 Azerbaijan44386 104 Kyrgyzstan42366 105 Kazakhstan40346 106 Poland39337 107 Malaysia34286 108 Croatia25197 109 Mozambique52475 110 Sri Lanka29244 111 Benin57533 112 Togo53494 113 Ivory Coast48444 114 Thailand44404 115 Dominican Republic42384 116 Mauritania40364 117 Congo Kinshasa32284 118 Saudi Arabia1174 119 Nepal49463 120 Tanzania48453 121 Denmark27243 122 Libya25224 123 Oman16133 124 Madagascar63612 125 Bangladesh44423 126 Niger44422 127 Congo Brazzaville43412 128 Mongolia36342 129 India33312 130 Laos31292 131 Cambodia29273 132 Chad50492 133 Uzbekistan44431 134 Namibia32311 135 Ethiopia16151 136 Somalia28290 137 Lebanon3941-2 138 Myanmar1921-2 139 Comoros3440-6 140 China2329-6 Portugal and the United States top the ranking, with gaps above 41 percentage points. Italy and the UK follow, both near 38 points. Only a handful of countries yield the opposite result, including Somalia, Lebanon, Myanmar, Comoros, and China. The Largest Gaps Are in Wealthier Countries High-income countries account for 25 of the top 30 gaps. As a result, the biggest story is not apathy, but a misread of social concern. Nearly half of people in high-income countries see climate change as very serious. Yet only 20% think most others in their country feel the same. A Silver Lining for Climate Action This misperception can matter because people often take cues from those around them. Therefore, correcting the gap could make climate concern feel more mainstream. That makes the finding a potential silver lining. In high-income countries, people may be closer on climate than public debate suggests. Meanwhile, climate risk continues to shape the global risk landscape, especially as extreme weather influences economies and policy. Explore the 2026 World Risk Poll Report You may also like Water6 months ago Special Report: 8,500 Toxic Shipwrecks. Zero Global Framework. Shipwrecks from past wars threaten oceans with oil leaks and toxic hazards. What can leaders do to help endangered ecosystems and coastal nations? Environment2 years ago Are We United or Divided in The Fight Against Climate Change? Visual Capitalist partnered with Lloyd’s Register Foundation to determine which nations believe climate change is a threat. Business2 years ago Ranked: Which Industries Are the Most Dangerous? In this graphic, Visual Capitalist partnered with Lloyd’s Register Foundation to analyze workplace safety and determine the most dangerous industry. Environment2 years ago Visualized: How Do Countries Dispose of Their Household Waste? In this graphic, Visual Capitalist has partnered with Lloyd’s Register Foundation to explore the most common household waste disposal practices in 142 countries. 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Mapped: Where Americans Earn the Most Per Hour in 2026 See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Key Takeaways Washington, D.C. leads the nation with average hourly earnings of $57.39, more than $13 per hour ahead of second-place Washington state. Only seven states report average hourly earnings above $40 per hour, with most clustered along the coasts. Mississippi ranks last at $28.98 per hour, highlighting the wide pay gap across U.S. labor markets. From technology hubs to government centers, America’s highest-paying labor markets are concentrated in a relatively small number of states. This ranking compares average hourly earnings across all 50 states and the District of Columbia, showing where workers earn the most per hour in 2026. The data for this visualization comes from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and reflects average hourly earnings for private-sector employees as of April 2026. Washington, D.C. Stands Alone At $57.39 per hour, Washington, D.C. sits in a league of its own. The district’s unique economy is heavily influenced by the federal government, supporting a vast ecosystem of contractors, consultants, defense firms, law offices, and technology companies. RankState/DistrictAverage hourly earnings (2026) 1District of Columbia$57.39 2Washington$44.15 3Massachusetts$43.45 4California$42.56 5Connecticut$40.22 6Hawaii$40.07 7New York$40.03 8Colorado$39.86 9New Jersey$38.76 10Minnesota$38.53 11Oregon$38.53 12Alaska$38.34 13Virginia$38.29 14Rhode Island$37.81 15Maryland$37.33 16New Hampshire$36.36 17Illinois$36.35 18Arizona$36.02 19North Dakota$35.98 20Utah$35.91 21Florida$35.85 22Vermont$35.78 23Georgia$35.58 24Idaho$35.47 25Texas$34.85 26Wisconsin$34.69 27North Carolina$34.62 28Michigan$34.36 29Missouri$33.92 30Maine$33.81 31Ohio$33.81 32Pennsylvania$33.57 33Montana$33.48 34Delaware$33.40 35Wyoming$33.40 36South Carolina$33.37 37Nevada$33.24 38Indiana$32.99 39Kansas$32.98 40Nebraska$32.56 41Alabama$32.53 42South Dakota$31.99 43Oklahoma$31.94 44Tennessee$31.79 45New Mexico$31.47 46Louisiana$30.84 47Kentucky$30.72 48West Virginia$30.63 49Iowa$30.59 50Arkansas$29.53 51Mississippi$28.98 This concentration of highly educated workers and specialized industries helps push average earnings in D.C. far above the national norm. D.C.’s lead over second-place Washington state exceeds $13 per hour, making it the only U.S. jurisdiction with average hourly earnings above $50. Tech Hubs and Coastal States Lead the Rankings Several of the highest-paying states are home to major technology and innovation centers. Washington ($44.15), Massachusetts ($43.45), and California ($42.56) all rank among the top four thanks to strong technology, biotechnology, and professional services sectors. Meanwhile, states such as Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, and Maryland benefit from proximity to financial centers and large concentrations of corporate headquarters. The South and Appalachia Trail the National Leaders Many of the lowest-ranked states are located in the South and Appalachia. Mississippi recorded the lowest average hourly earnings at $28.98, followed by Arkansas at $29.53 and Iowa at $30.59. Lower wages in these states are often linked to industry composition, lower costs of living, and a smaller presence of high-paying sectors such as technology and finance. However, many of these states continue to attract investment in manufacturing, logistics, and energy projects that could gradually reshape local labor markets. Learn More on the Voronoi App If you enjoyed today’s post, check out The States Where Housing Prices Have Surged the Most (2021–2026) on Voronoi.

Ranked: The EU’s Biggest Trading Partners in 2026 See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Key Takeaways China supplied nearly a quarter of all EU imports in Q1 2026, making it the bloc’s largest foreign supplier. The U.S. remained the EU’s biggest export market despite exports falling more than 30% from a year earlier. The EU runs a large trade deficit with China but a sizable surplus with the United States. The European Union’s trade relationships reveal two very different economic realities: China is the bloc’s dominant source of imports, while the United States remains its largest export destination. Using Q1 2026 data from Eurostat, this visualization ranks the EU’s biggest goods trading partners outside the bloc. Together, China, the U.S., the UK, Switzerland, and Türkiye account for more than half of the EU’s external goods trade. China Creates the EU’s Largest Trade Gap China supplied €145.3 billion worth of goods to the EU in Q1 2026, nearly three times the value of EU exports to China over the same period. The resulting trade deficit of nearly €100 billion was the largest among the bloc’s major trading relationships and underscores Europe’s continued reliance on Chinese manufacturing. This data table lists major EU trade partners based on their total imports and exports in Q1 2026. Trade PartnerImport Amount (€B)Export Amount (€B)Surplus/Deficit (€B) China145.347.6-97.7 USA85.9119.433.5 UK39.588.749.2 Switzerland36.757.220.5 Turkiye24.627.12.5 Total627.8640.512.7 For the EU, trade relations with China are particularly sensitive as the bloc seeks to protect its domestic industries from rising Chinese competition. Cheaper Chinese cars, for example, have put pressure on the German auto industry, particularly in the electric vehicle space. Beijing has responded to some EU trade policies with tariffs on key European exports like pork, wine, or liquor, actions that affect major EU member states including France, Spain, and Italy. The U.S. Remains Europe’s Top Customer While China dominates EU imports, the United States remains the bloc’s largest export market. EU exports to the U.S. totaled €119.4 billion in Q1 2026, compared with €85.9 billion in imports, giving Europe a goods trade surplus of €33.5 billion. Even so, transatlantic trade has cooled. EU exports to the U.S. were down more than 30% from Q1 2025, reflecting the impact of renewed tariff disputes and a more uncertain trading environment between the two economies. Transatlantic ties between the EU and U.S. have come under pressure in 2025 and 2026. The U.S. imposed sweeping tariffs on EU imports in early 2025 to address its deficit with Brussels, and the two sides only worked out a deal following months of negotiations. In early 2026, tariffs resumed as the U.S. criticized the slow pace of implementation. Meanwhile, the Trump administration has also used tariffs in unrelated matters, such as threatening tariffs on certain large EU countries after they protested U.S. assertions of sovereignty over Greenland, which is the territory of EU member state Denmark. A New Relationship With London Beyond EU-U.S. and EU-China relations, the 27-member bloc must also balance relations with other European economies, including Switzerland, Türkiye, and the United Kingdom. The last of these has proven the most essential, partly because of the size of the UK economy, but also because of the UK’s prior status as an EU country. Following the UK’s withdrawal in 2020, subsequent British governments have attempted to maximize cooperation with the bloc, which imported €39.5 billion of goods from the UK while exporting €88.7 billion to British shores. Ten years on from the vote that led to Brexit, rumblings have persisted in both Brussels and London that a future British government might seek to rejoin the EU. Prior to departure, the UK was the second-largest EU member state by nominal GDP. Learn More on the Voronoi App If you enjoyed today’s post, check out Ranked: Europe’s Most Powerful Economic Centers on Voronoi, the new app from Visual Capitalist.

Use This Visualization Ranked: Tax Revenue as a Share of GDP by Country See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Key Takeaways Nineteen of the top 20 OECD countries by tax revenue as a share of GDP are in Europe. Denmark collects the most tax revenue relative to the size of its economy at 45.2% of GDP. The U.S. ranks near the bottom of the OECD, collecting 25.6% of GDP in tax revenue. How much of a country’s economy ends up in government coffers? Across the OECD, the answer ranges from less than one-fifth of GDP to nearly half. The visualization above ranks all 38 OECD member countries by tax revenue as a share of GDP using the latest available OECD data. The figures include personal income, corporate, property, value-added (VAT), social security, consumption, and other taxes. On average, OECD members collect 34.1% of GDP in tax revenue. Europe: High Taxes, High Support Of the top 20 countries by tax revenue as a percentage of GDP, the first 19 are European. Denmark leads the way with 45.2%, followed by France at 43.5% and Austria at 43.4%. While a majority of OECD countries are in Europe, their concentration at the top reflects a postwar social-economic model that uses higher taxes to help fund public education, healthcare, pensions, and labor systems. This data table lists OECD countries by tax revenue as a percentage of GDP. RankCountry2024 Tax Revenue (% of GDP) 1 Denmark45.2% 2 France43.5% 3 Austria43.4% 4 Italy42.8% 5 Belgium42.6% 6 Finland42.2% 7 Luxembourg41.5% 8 Sweden41.4% 9 Norway40.2% 10 Greece39.8% 11 Netherlands38.5% 12 Slovenia38.3% 13 Germany38.0% 14 Iceland36.9% 15 Spain36.7% 16 Poland36.6% 17 Slovak Republic35.6% 18 Estonia35.2% 19 Portugal35.1% 20 Canada34.9% 21 Latvia34.9% 22 United Kingdom34.4% 23 Hungary34.4% 24 Czechia34.0% 25 Japan33.7% 26 Lithuania33.1% 27 New Zealand32.9% 28 Israel30.9% 29 Australia29.9% 30 Switzerland27.2% 31 United States25.6% 32 Korea25.3% 33 Costa Rica24.8% 34 Türkiye24.0% 35 Ireland21.7% 36 Chile20.5% 37 Colombia19.9% 38 Mexico18.3% -- OECD Avg34.1% Most European countries fall within this general social market system, including the major economies of Germany (38%), Italy (42.8%), Spain (36.7%), and the United Kingdom (34.4%). However, the specific taxes levied can vary widely between countries. Denmark, for example, has high taxes on personal income but relatively low taxation on corporations and consumption. The European Outliers Only a few European countries bring in less tax revenue than the OECD average of 34.1%. These include Czechia (34%), Lithuania (33.1%), Switzerland (27.2%), and Ireland (21.7%). Ireland and Switzerland in particular serve as regional outliers, and they have used this to their advantage. Ireland has become a popular destination for multinational corporations seeking a European headquarters. Switzerland, meanwhile, has long maintained a reputation as a financial center, owing in part to its tax system and banking privacy laws. The U.S. and the Americas Compared with European and Asian OECD members, the U.S. obtained 25.6% of its GDP in tax revenue in 2024, trailing the OECD average and ranking above only seven OECD members out of 38. The U.S. has long been attractive to foreigners because of its lower tax burden, although the country is known for offering fewer public-spending benefits than peers like Canada (34.9%), Japan (33.7%), or New Zealand (32.9%). Notably, most countries drawing less relative tax revenue than the U.S. are also in the Americas. The four Latin American OECD members (Chile, Costa Rica, Colombia, and Mexico) all obtain under 25% of GDP in revenue, with Mexico at 18.3%. Learn More on the Voronoi App Curious where residents get to keep more of their paycheck? Check out These Places Have No Personal Income Tax Requirements on Voronoi, the new app from Visual Capitalist.

Published 2 hours ago on June 22, 2026 By Visual Capitalist Graphics & Design Jennifer West Abha Patil Twitter Facebook LinkedIn Reddit Pinterest Email The following content is sponsored by Plasma Will Tether be a Mega-Holder of Gold and U.S. Debt by 2030? Key Takeaways Tether holds about $117 billion in U.S. Treasuries and 132 metric tons of gold, making it a notable holder of both U.S. debt and gold reserves. Tether’s Treasury holdings could reach $1.4 trillion by 2030, with gold reserves also projected to rise significantly, approaching levels currently held by major countries like Japan and the UK. Stablecoins like Tether are becoming a larger part of global finance, backed by reserves such as U.S. debt and gold. This graphic compares Tether’s holdings with those of major countries and explores how Tether’s reserves could grow by 2030. It’s presented by Plasma as part of our Money 2.0 series on the next era of money. Tether’s Impact on U.S. Debt Markets Tether currently holds about $117 billion in U.S. Treasuries, still far below what major countries, such as Japan ($1.2 trillion) and the UK ($927 billion), currently hold. However, it has become a major buyer of U.S. debt. Projections suggest Tether’s holdings could grow under certain scenarios. The following projections make some assumptions: Stablecoin market cap hits $1.9 trillion (base case) to $4 trillion (bull case) by 2030. Tether’s market share stays the same at 59%.  Tether’s share of reserves held in U.S. Treasuries is unchanged at 61%. Debt HolderAmount of U.S. Treasuries Held Japan (current)$1.2 trillion UK (current)$927 billion Tether (current)$117 billion Tether (2030 base case)$682 billion Tether (2030 bull case)$1.4 trillion Source: Tether, CoinMarketCap, U.S. Treasury, Citi Institute, TheStreet. Data accessed on June 5, 2026. It’s important to note that Japan and UK figures are current and included as a point of comparison to help gauge the scale of Tether’s holdings. The values don’t reflect their 2030 projections, and their Treasury holdings will likely also increase over time. Tether’s Gold Reserves vs. Major Countries Tether’s gold reserves could follow a similar path, with these assumptions: Stablecoin market cap hits $1.9 trillion (base case) to $4 trillion (bull case) by 2030. Tether’s market share stays the same at 59%.  Tether’s share of reserves held in gold is unchanged at 10%. The price of gold is $5,000 per ounce in 2030. Gold HolderAmount of Gold Held Japan (current)846 metric tons UK (current)310 metric tons Tether (current)132 metric tons Tether (2030 base case)719 metric tons Tether (2030 bull case)1,514 metric tons Source:

Use This Visualization Ranked: The 50 Largest U.S. Cities by Median Income See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Key Takeaways San Jose ($175,491) and San Francisco ($141,277) have the highest median household incomes among the 50 largest U.S. metro areas. Seven of the top 10 highest-income metros are located in the West, including three in California. Las Vegas is the only Western metro with a median household income below the national median of $85,828. Which major U.S. cities have the highest-earning households? This graphic ranks the 50 most populous metros in the U.S. by median household income, using March 2026 model-estimated data from the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta’s Home Ownership Affordability Monitor (HOAM). The national median household income stands at $85,828, but several major metros far exceed that figure, led by San Jose at nearly $176,000 per year. California’s Top-Tier Salaries The West is home to seven of the top 10 highest-ranked U.S. metros by household income, with California accounting for three. For someone pursuing a high salary, the Golden State still stands out despite its high cost of living. San Jose ($175,491) leads the way, followed by San Francisco ($141,277). Both cities are magnets for tech-sector and highly educated workers seeking Silicon Valley salaries. The following data table lists U.S. metros based on their median household income. RankMetroMedian Household Income (2026) 1San Jose, CA$175,491 2San Francisco, CA$141,277 3Washington, DC$130,587 4Boston, MA$125,025 5San Diego, CA$115,012 6Seattle, WA$114,804 7Denver, CO$112,231 8Raleigh, NC$107,446 9Portland, OR$104,269 10Salt Lake City, UT$104,059 11Sacramento, CA$103,447 12New York, NY$103,166 13Baltimore, MD$102,578 14Austin, TX$101,583 15Los Angeles, CA$101,268 16Minneapolis, MN$101,123 17Hartford, CT$98,059 18Dallas, TX$97,808 19Atlanta, GA$96,651 20Riverside, CA$95,039 21Philadelphia, PA$94,766 22Phoenix, AZ$93,845 23Chicago, IL$93,572 24Nashville, TN$92,333 25Charlotte, NC$91,059 26Kansas City, MO$88,033 27Columbus, OH$87,273 28Virginia Beach, VA$86,046 29Orlando, FL$84,866 30Jacksonville, FL$84,841 31Miami, FL$84,814 32Houston, TX$84,610 33Cincinnati, OH$84,546 34St. Louis, MO$84,425 35Las Vegas, NV$83,859 36Richmond, VA$83,637 37Tampa, FL$82,721 38Providence, RI$82,527 39San Antonio, TX$82,130 40Pittsburgh, PA$81,967 41Indianapolis, IN$81,718 42Milwaukee, WI$80,485 43Birmingham, AL$79,463 44Detroit, MI$79,294 45Louisville, KY$77,221 46Oklahoma City, OK$76,960 47Cleveland, OH$76,118 48Buffalo, NY$74,258 49Memphis, TN$70,056 50New Orleans, LA$65,021 —United States $85,828 San Diego ($115,012) lands in the top five, while nearby Los Angeles ($101,268) and Riverside ($95,039) also fall above the national median household income. The Midwest: Incomes at All Levels The West can claim the highest incomes, with Las Vegas ($83,859) as the region’s only major metro to fall below the national average. The Midwest shows a wider range of outcomes. Although not home to any of the country’s top-10 metro areas, the Midwest includes higher-income cities such as Minneapolis ($101,123) and Chicago ($93,572), as well as lower-median deindustrializing cities such as Cleveland ($76,118) and Detroit ($79,294). The distinction between these groups often comes down to the industries present in each metro area. Chicago, for example, has been cited by sources such as Moody’s as having the most balanced economy of any major U.S. city, with no single industry employing over 14% of the labor force. This sectoral diversity has helped consistently attract top talent. The Northeast’s Educational Edge Median incomes are particularly high in dynamic northeastern cities such as Boston ($125,025) and New York ($103,166), both of which are major metropolitan economies with diverse workforces. Education plays a key role: Boston is near top-tier universities such as Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, while New York is home to world-class colleges such as Columbia University and New York University. Similar to the role Stanford played in the development of Silicon Valley, these prestigious northeastern universities have helped nearby cities become hubs for educated talent, raising median incomes accordingly. Learn More on the Voronoi App Wondering how far these incomes go toward buying a house? Check out The States Where Housing Prices Have Surged the Most (2021–2026) on Voronoi, the new app from Visual Capitalist.

Use This Visualization The Countries With the Most Billionaires in 2026 See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Key Takeaways China now has more billionaires than the U.S., with 1,110 compared to 1,000. China and the U.S. are home to more than half of the world’s billionaires. India ranks a distant third with 308 billionaires, ahead of every European country. China is now home to more billionaires than any other country in the world. According to the Hurun Global Rich List 2026, China has 1,110 billionaires, surpassing the United States. Together, the two countries account for more than half of the global billionaire population, highlighting how concentrated extreme wealth has become. This visualization ranks countries by the number of billionaires living there in 2026. Wealth calculations are a snapshot as of January 15, 2026. China Pulls Ahead According to Hurun, 75% of China’s billionaires were not on the list 10 years ago. This statistic shows how quickly the shift has happened, helping put China at the top of the rankings. RankCountryRegionNumber of Billionaires 1 ChinaAsia1,110 2 USAAmericas1,000 3 IndiaAsia308 4 GermanyEurope171 5 UKEurope150 6 SwitzerlandEurope114 7 RussiaEurope105 8 BrazilAmericas77 9 CanadaAmericas75 10 ItalyEurope73 11 FranceEurope71 12 AustraliaOceania61 13 SingaporeAsia59 14 IndonesiaAsia44 15 JapanAsia42 16 ThailandAsia40 17 South KoreaAsia37 18 SwedenEurope35 18 TürkiyeEurope35 20 SpainEurope34 21 IsraelMiddle East31 22 UAEMiddle East28 23 MexicoAmericas27 23 MonacoEurope27 25 Saudi ArabiaMiddle East17 26 PhilippinesAsia16 26 MalaysiaAsia16 28 ChileAmericas15 28 DenmarkEurope15 30 AustriaEurope14 -- OtherVarious173 The U.S. Remains a Billionaire Powerhouse The U.S. ranks second, but remains one of the most important centers of global wealth. Its 1,000 billionaires reflect deep capital markets, a large technology sector, and decades of entrepreneurship. The country is also home to many of the world’s largest companies by market value. Even after being overtaken by China, the U.S. still accounts for roughly one-quarter of the global billionaire population. It also has a higher population of ultra-rich people (>$30MM net worth) overall. India Holds Third Place India ranks third with 308 billionaires, far ahead of Germany in fourth place. Its billionaire class has grown alongside the country’s expanding consumer market, technology sector, and industrial base. India’s large population and rising wealth levels could support further billionaire growth in the years ahead. Europe’s Billionaire Base Is Broad Europe has several countries in the top rankings, including Germany, the UK, Switzerland, Russia, Italy, and France. Germany leads Europe with 171 billionaires, followed by the UK with 150. Switzerland also stands out with 114 billionaires despite its smaller population. Learn More on the Voronoi App If you enjoyed today’s post, check out The $126T Global Economy in One Giant Chart on Voronoi.

Use This Visualization Ranked: Household Income by Race in America See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Key Takeaways Asian households had the highest median income in 2024, at $121,700. White alone, non-Hispanic households ranked second, with a median income of $92,530. The gap between the highest- and lowest-income groups was $65,680. Median household income differs significantly across racial and ethnic groups in the United States, with one group sitting well above the rest. In 2024, Asian households reported a median income of $121,700, nearly $30,000 higher than White alone, non-Hispanic households and more than double the median income of Black households. These differences reflect a mix of factors, including education, geography, occupation, household composition, immigration patterns, and historical inequalities. This graphic ranks median household income by race and Hispanic origin in 2024, using inflation-adjusted dollars. The data for this visualization comes from the U.S. Census Bureau. Asian Households Lead by a Wide Margin Asian households had the highest median income in 2024, at $121,700. This was well above every other group shown in the Census dataset. White alone, non-Hispanic households ranked second, with a median income of $92,530. Hispanic households followed at $70,950. Median Household Income Group20022024Growth (real) Asian alone$86,910$121,70040% White alone, not Hispanic$77,460$92,53019% Hispanic (any race)$54,670$70,95030% American Indian and Alaska Native alone$54,050$59,0509% Black alone$47,940$56,02017% American Indian and Alaska Native households had a median income of $59,050, while Black households had the lowest among the listed groups at $56,020. Asian households had a median income that was $29,170 higher than White alone, non-Hispanic households in 2024. This group has ranked at the top of the dataset for every year shown, from 2002 to 2024. It is important to note that these are median household figures, not individual earnings. Household income can be affected by the number of earners in a household, local cost of living, age distribution, educational attainment, and where people live and work. A Persistent Income Gap The gap between the highest and lowest median household incomes was $65,680 in 2024. That difference compares Asian households at $121,700 with Black households at $56,020. In practical terms, the top group’s median income was more than double the lowest group’s. The long-term trend also shows that these gaps have persisted across multiple economic cycles. While incomes have generally risen since 2002 in inflation-adjusted terms, the distance between the highest- and lowest-income groups remains substantial. Hispanic Household Income Continued to Rise Hispanic households had a median income of $70,950 in 2024. That was up from $67,240 in 2023, and well above the 2002 level of $54,670 in 2024 dollars. The Census Bureau defines Hispanic as people of Hispanic or Latino origin, regardless of race. This means Hispanic households can include people who identify with any racial group. Learn More on the Voronoi App If you enjoyed today’s post, check out Number of Indian Tribes in the US on Voronoi.

Use This Visualization Mapped: Smoking Rates by State, From 6% to 20% See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Key Takeaways West Virginia has the highest adult smoking rate in America at 20.4%, while Utah has the lowest at 6.0%. Smoking rates remain highest across Appalachia and parts of the South. Several Western and Northeastern states now report single-digit smoking rates. Cigarette smoking has declined significantly in the United States over the past several decades, but it remains one of the leading causes of preventable death. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke contribute to roughly one in five deaths nationwide each year. This map highlights the share of adults who smoke in every U.S. state based on CDC data. West Virginia and Kentucky Lead the Nation West Virginia has the highest smoking rate in the country, with 20.4% of adults reporting that they smoke. Kentucky follows at 17.6%, while Tennessee ranks third at 17.0%. RankStateAdults who smoke 1West Virginia20.4% 2Kentucky17.6% 3Tennessee17.0% 4Oklahoma15.8% 5Louisiana15.7% 6Mississippi15.6% 7Missouri15.3% 8Alaska15.3% 9South Dakota15.2% 10Ohio15.0% 11Arizona15.0% 12Pennsylvania14.9% 13Indiana14.5% 14Alabama14.2% 15Nevada14.2% 16Maine14.0% 17Wyoming14.0% 18Kansas13.9% 19Iowa13.7% 20Michigan13.6% 21North Dakota13.4% 22North Carolina13.2% 23Montana12.4% 24New Mexico12.2% 25Minnesota12.2% 26South Carolina12.1% 27Nebraska12.1% 28Wisconsin12.0% 29Georgia12.0% 30Delaware11.4% 31Vermont11.3% 32Texas11.3% 33Virginia10.9% 34Illinois10.8% 35Oregon10.6% 36Florida10.5% 37Idaho10.4% 38New Hampshire10.4% 39Colorado10.2% 40Arkansas10.0% 41Massachusetts9.8% 42District of Columbia9.8% 43Rhode Island9.5% 44New York9.3% 45New Jersey9.1% 46Maryland9.1% 47Hawaii9.0% 48Washington9.0% 49California8.5% 50Connecticut8.4% 51Utah6.0% These states have long struggled with elevated tobacco use rates due to a combination of economic, cultural, and historical factors. The Appalachian region has been closely linked to tobacco production and consumption for generations. Although smoking rates have declined over time, the region continues to record some of the nation’s highest levels of tobacco use. The South and Midwest Remain Above Average Several Southern and Midwestern states rank near the top of the list. Oklahoma, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Ohio all report smoking rates of 15% or higher. Many of these states also face higher rates of smoking-related illnesses, including heart disease, cancer, and chronic respiratory conditions. These states also tend to have lower life expectancy rates. Utah Stands Out as the Lowest-Smoking State At the other end of the spectrum, Utah reports the nation’s lowest adult smoking rate at just 6.0%. Connecticut, California, Washington, Hawaii, Maryland, and New Jersey also rank among the states with the lowest smoking prevalence. Utah’s exceptionally low rate is often attributed to cultural and religious influences, along with longstanding public health efforts. Meanwhile, California’s rate of 8.5% reflects decades of aggressive anti-smoking campaigns and tobacco-control policies that have helped reduce cigarette use across the state. Learn More on the Voronoi App If you enjoyed today’s post, check out Why Living Longer Isn’t Always Living Healthier on Voronoi.

Use This Visualization Ranked: The Countries That Brew the Most Beer See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Key Takeaways China brewed 9.0 billion gallons of beer in 2024, producing nearly one in every five beers worldwide. The top five beer-producing countries accounted for almost half of global output. Africa was the fastest-growing beer region in 2024, led by strong gains in Angola and South Africa. Beer is consumed almost everywhere, but brewing at scale is a different story. Behind many of the world’s biggest beer brands are countries producing billions of gallons each year for domestic drinkers and export markets. This visualization ranks the world’s largest beer producers in 2024, measured in U.S. gallons, using data from the BarthHaas Report 2024/25. China Still Leads by a Wide Margin China brewed 9.0 billion gallons of beer in 2024, making it the world’s largest producer by far. That works out to 18.2% of global beer output, or nearly one in every five beers brewed worldwide. China also produced more beer than the United States and Brazil combined. RankCountryBeer Output (Billion Gallons)Share of World (2024) 1 China9.0118.2% 2 United States4.879.8% 3 Brazil3.897.9% 4 Mexico3.837.7% 5 Russia2.404.8% 6 Germany2.224.5% 7 Japan1.182.4% 8 Spain1.092.2% 9 South Africa0.982.0% 10 United Kingdom0.951.9% 11 Poland0.911.8% 12 India0.871.7% 13 Vietnam0.831.7% 14 Colombia0.741.5% 15 Thailand0.601.2% 16 France0.561.1% 17 Netherlands0.561.1% 18 Belgium0.551.1% 19 Canada0.541.1% 20 Argentina0.541.1% 21 Czech Republic0.531.1% 22 Nigeria0.511.0% 23 Italy0.460.9% 24 Philippines0.460.9% 25 Angola0.430.9% 26 South Korea0.4280.9% 27 Cambodia0.4230.9% 28 Peru0.3980.8% 29 Romania0.3960.8% 30 Ukraine0.370.7% 31 Australia0.3680.7% 32 Ethiopia0.3620.7% 33 Chile0.3000.6% 34 Turkey0.2930.6% 35 Austria0.2670.5% 36 Cameroon0.2460.5% 37 Ireland0.2190.4% 38 Portugal0.2010.4% 39 Ecuador0.1800.4% 40 Myanmar0.1700.3% 41 Denmark0.1690.3% 42 Laos0.1590.3% 43 Hungary0.1470.3% 44 DR Congo0.1420.3% 45 Guatemala0.1400.3% 46 Venezuela0.1370.3% 47 Kazakhstan0.1370.3% 48 Taiwan0.1330.3% 49 Tanzania0.1280.3% 50 Ivory Coast0.1270.3% 51 Bulgaria0.1240.3% 52 Dominican Republic0.1170.2% 53 Mozambique0.1120.2% 54 Kenya0.1110.2% 55 Greece0.1080.2% 56 Sweden0.1060.2% 57 Uganda0.1050.2% 58 Belarus0.1020.2% 59 Switzerland0.09920.2% 60 Ghana0.09790.2% 61 Congo (Brazzaville)0.09510.2% 62 Bolivia0.09480.2% 63 Panama0.08930.2% 64 Indonesia0.08800.2% 65 Serbia0.08550.2% 66 Finland0.08530.2% 67 Burkina Faso0.08190.2% 68 Croatia0.07960.2% 69 New Zealand0.07820.2% 70 Slovakia0.07660.2% 71 Paraguay0.07590.2% 72 Lithuania0.07340.1% 73 Norway0.07210.1% 74 Uzbekistan0.07130.1% 75 Zimbabwe0.06500.1% 76 Cuba0.06480.1% 77 Zambia0.06180.1% 78 Sri Lanka0.05550.1% 79 Gabon0.05280.1% 80 Nepal0.05280.1% 81 Israel0.05260.1% 82 Namibia0.04890.1% 83 Slovenia0.04760.1% 84 Tunisia0.04540.1% 85 Uruguay0.04470.1% 86 Lesotho0.04390.1% 87 Rwanda0.04260.1% 88 Costa Rica0.04160.1% 89 Moldova0.03960.1% 90 Malaysia0.03960.1% 91 Algeria0.03960.1% 92 Honduras0.03940.1% 93 Madagascar0.03750.1% 94 Georgia0.03590.1% 95 El Salvador0.03500.1% 96 Benin0.03380.1% 97 Togo0.03280.1% 98 Nicaragua0.03200.1% 99 Singapore0.03170.1% 100 Malawi0.03060.1% 101 Mongolia0.02910.1% 102 Puerto Rico0.02910.1% 103 Chad0.02510.1% 104 Egypt0.02490.1% 105 Estonia0.02480.1% 106 Iran0.02380.0% 107 Bosnia-Herzegovina0.02180.0% 108 Morocco0.02160.0% 109 Botswana0.02080.0% 110 Albania0.01990.0% 111 Latvia0.01950.0% 112 Papua New Guinea0.01810.0% 113 Trinidad and Tobago0.01570.0% 114 Azerbaijan0.01370.0% 115 Kyrgyzstan0.01350.0% 116 Mauritius0.01350.0% 117 Guyana0.01310.0% 118 North Macedonia0.01290.0% 119 Bhutan0.01270.0% 120 Hong Kong0.01270.0% 121 Cyprus0.01130.0% 122 Jamaica0.01090.0% 123 Guinea0.01010.0% 124 Equatorial Guinea0.009460.0% 125 Armenia0.009300.0% 126 Turkmenistan0.009250.0% 127 Tajikistan0.008590.0% 128 Burundi0.008450.0% 129 Lebanon0.008450.0% 130 Central African Republic0.007530.0% 131 Eritrea0.007400.0% 132 Montenegro0.007400.0% 133 Jordan0.006630.0% 134 Réunion0.005940.0% 135 Eswatini0.005940.0% 136 Luxembourg0.005860.0% 137 Malta0.005180.0% 138 Haiti0.005150.0% 139 Iceland0.005070.0% 140 Mali0.005020.0% 141 Sierra Leone0.004990.0% 142 Tahiti (French Polynesia)0.004760.0% 143 Senegal0.004620.0% 144 St. Lucia0.004570.0% 145 Liberia0.003960.0% 146 New Caledonia0.003960.0% 147 Bahamas0.003860.0% 148 Fiji0.003700.0% 149 Dutch Antilles0.003650.0% 150 Seychelles0.002670.0% 151 Samoa0.002640.0% 152 Suriname0.002620.0% 153 Niger0.002590.0% 154 Pakistan0.002110.0% 155 Barbados0.002090.0% 156 Solomon Islands0.001720.0% 157 Martinique0.001590.0% 158 Aruba0.001510.0% 159 Guinea-Bissau0.001320.0% 160 St. Vincent and the Grenadines0.001190.0% 161 Belize0.001060.0% 162 Grenada0.0008450.0% 163 St. Kitts and Nevis0.0006870.0% 164 Antigua and Barbuda0.0005280.0% 165 Cayman Islands0.0005280.0% 166 Cape Verde0.0004230.0% 167 São Tomé and Príncipe0.0003170.0% 168 Dominica0.0002910.0% 169 Bangladesh0.0002640.0% 170 Vanuatu0.0002380.0% 171 North Korea0.0002110.0% 172 Palestine0.0001060.0% 173 South Sudan0.00005280.0% 174 Gambia0.00005280.0% However, its dominance has declined over time. In 2013, China accounted for 25.7% of global beer production. The Americas Remain Beer Heavyweights The United States ranked second with 4.9 billion gallons, followed by Brazil and Mexico. Together, these three countries brewed more than 12.5 billion gallons in 2024. The U.S. market remains large, but production fell 4.8% as craft brewery closings outpaced openings for the first time since 2005. Mexico’s position is also notable. With 3.8 billion gallons brewed, it nearly matched Brazil and remains a major export hub for global beer brands. Russia Overtakes Germany in Europe Russia produced 2.4 billion gallons of beer in 2024, moving ahead of Germany to become Europe’s largest beer producer. This shift reflects major changes in the Russian beer market after several Western brewers exited the country. Carlsberg’s Baltika unit was seized by the state in 2023 and later sold to local management. Domestic production rose 9% as import substitution supported local brewers. Germany, long associated with beer culture, ranked sixth globally with 2.2 billion gallons. Africa Posts the Fastest Growth Africa was the fastest-growing beer region in 2024, with output rising 6.7%. South Africa remained the continent’s largest beer producer, ranking ninth globally with 977 million gallons. Nigeria also made the top 25, producing 506 million gallons. Angola stood out with a 35% production surge, reaching 428 million gallons. Learn More on the Voronoi App If you enjoyed today’s post, check out Where Food Inflation Will Hit Hardest in 2026 on Voronoi, the new app from Visual Capitalist.

All of the FIFA World Cup Host Countries in History This was originally posted on our Voronoi app. Download the app for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Key Takeaways: Mexico has become the first country to host three FIFA World Cups. European nations have hosted 11 World Cups, more than any other region. World Cup hosting is becoming increasingly multinational, with six countries involved in the 2030 tournament. The FIFA World Cup has been staged in just 19 countries since the tournament began in 1930, despite being watched by billions of fans worldwide every four years. This graphic by Harris Saleem, using data from Top End Sports, shows every World Cup host nation through 2026 and reveals which countries have hosted football’s biggest event most often. Mexico leads all nations with three tournaments, while Europe remains the dominant host region with 11 World Cups across nine countries. Looking ahead, FIFA is increasingly embracing multi-country tournaments, a trend that will reach a new scale in 2030. Which Countries Have Hosted the FIFA World Cup? While the World Cup is a global event, hosting opportunities have been concentrated among a relatively small group of countries. Since 1930, just 19 nations have staged the tournament, with several countries returning as hosts multiple times. The table below shows every FIFA World Cup host nation and the years they staged the tournament. CountryWorld Cups HostedHosting Years Mexico31970, 1986, 2026 United States21994, 2026 Germany21974, 2006 Italy21934, 1990 Brazil21950, 2014 France21938, 1998 Canada12026 Qatar12022 Russia12018 South Africa12010 Japan12002 South Korea12002 Spain11982 Argentina11978 England11966 Chile11962 Sweden11958 Switzerland11954 Uruguay11930 Mexico is now the first nation to host three World Cups, having previously staged the tournament in 1970 and 1986. A second tier of hosts includes Germany, France, Italy, Brazil, and the United States, each with two tournaments. Europe has been the center of World Cup hosting activity, accounting for 11 tournaments across Germany, France, Italy, Spain, England, Sweden, Switzerland, and Russia. South America has hosted five editions, while Asia and Africa only began hosting in the 21st century. How FIFA Chooses Host Nations Hosting the World Cup has become increasingly competitive. FIFA evaluates bids based on factors such as stadium capacity, transportation networks, accommodation availability, security planning, financial guarantees, and sustainability initiatives. In recent decades, FIFA has also sought to expand the tournament’s geographic reach. South Africa became the first African host in 2010, Russia hosted in 2018, and Qatar became the first Middle Eastern nation to stage the tournament in 2022. These newer hosts demonstrate how the World Cup has evolved into a truly global event rather than one concentrated in Europe and South America. The shift toward co-hosting has accelerated as tournament requirements grow. The 2026 World Cup, hosted by the United States, Mexico, and Canada, will feature a record 48 teams and more than 100 matches. The Future of World Cup Hosting The World Cup’s hosting model is undergoing one of its biggest shifts. As tournament sizes expand and infrastructure requirements grow, FIFA has increasingly favored multi-country bids over single-nation hosts. FIFA has already confirmed hosts for the next two tournaments beyond 2026. The 2030 World Cup will be jointly hosted by Spain, Portugal, and Morocco, with centenary celebration matches taking place in Uruguay, Argentina, and Paraguay to mark 100 years since the first tournament. FIFA officially approved the six-country hosting arrangement in late 2024. Four years later, Saudi Arabia will host the 2034 FIFA World Cup, becoming only the second Middle Eastern nation to stage the competition. These selections reflect FIFA’s continued emphasis on regional rotation and expanding football’s global footprint. Learn More on the Voronoi App Want to explore the business behind the games? Check out Breaking Down the $417 Billion Sports Industry on the Voronoi app.