See more visuals like this on the Voronoi app. How Venezuela’s Oil Reserves Compare to the Rest of the World See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Key Takeaways Venezuela holds the world’s largest proven oil reserves, accounting for about 17% of the global total. Despite its vast reserves, Venezuela’s oil production remains a fraction of its historical peak. Venezuela sits atop the largest oil reserves on the planet, yet its role in global energy markets is far smaller than in past decades. While countries like the United States and Saudi Arabia dominate daily oil production, Venezuela’s output has steadily declined over the past several decades. This visualization compares proven oil reserves across major producing countries. Reserves represent the volume of oil that can be economically produced under current conditions. The data for this visualization comes from OPEC’s Annual Statistical Bulletin 2025. Venezuela’s Unmatched Reserve Base Venezuela holds an estimated 303 billion barrels of proven oil reserves, the largest of any country and well ahead of Saudi Arabia. These reserves account for roughly 17% of the global total. Most of this oil is concentrated in the Orinoco Belt, where deposits are predominantly heavy crude. While abundant, this type of oil is more expensive to produce and requires specialized infrastructure. RankCountry2024 (Billion Barrels) 1 Venezuela303,221 2 Saudi Arabia267,200 3 Iran208,600 4 Canada163,000 5 Iraq145,019 6 United Arab Emirates113,000 7 Kuwait101,500 8 Russia80,000 9 Libya48,363 10 United States45,014 11 Nigeria37,280 12 Kazakhstan30,000 13 China28,182 14 Qatar25,244 15 Brazil15,894 16 Algeria12,200 17 Ecuador8,273 18 Azerbaijan7,000 19 Norway6,912 20 Mexico5,136 21 Sudan5,000 22 India4,981 23 Oman4,971 24 Vietnam4,400 25 Egypt3,300 26 Argentina2,999 27 Malaysia2,700 28 Angola2,550 29 Indonesia2,410 30 Colombia2,019 31 Gabon2,000 32 Congo1,811 33 Australia1,803 34 United Kingdom1,500 35 Brunei1,100 36 Equatorial Guinea1,100 37 Turkmenistan600 38 Uzbekistan594 39 Ukraine395 40 Denmark365 41 Belarus198 42 Chile150 Despite its reserve dominance, Venezuela ranked just 21st in oil production in 2024, producing about 960,000 barrels per day. At its peak in the 1970s, the country pumped as much as 3.5 million barrels per day, representing more than 7% of global output at the time. Production fell sharply during the 2010s and averaged roughly 1.1 million barrels per day last year, or about 1% of global production. Politics, Sanctions, and Investment Challenges Decades of mismanagement, underinvestment, and international sanctions have constrained Venezuela’s oil sector. Although some Western firms, including U.S.-based Chevron, continue to operate in the country, their presence has diminished significantly as sanctions expanded and exports were targeted. Venezuela was a founding member of OPEC, alongside Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia, but its influence within the group has waned as production declined. Learn More on the Voronoi App If you enjoyed today’s post, check out The Future of World Energy Supply (2024–2050), Charted on Voronoi, the new app from Visual Capitalist.

See more visuals like this on the Voronoi app. Use This Visualization All of the World’s Silver Reserves by Country, in One Visualization See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Key Takeaways Peru alone holds roughly 22% of the world’s known silver reserves. Mexico dominates global silver production, but its reserve base is much smaller than several peers. Silver prices surged to new all-time highs in December, extending a powerful end-of-year rally supported by geopolitical uncertainty and a weaker U.S. dollar. Silver futures briefly touched around $80, marking an unprecedented 160% rally in 2025 that outpaced even gold. Against this backdrop, understanding where the world’s silver reserves are concentrated provides crucial context for future supply dynamics. The data for this visualization comes from the U.S. Geological Survey’s Mineral Commodity Summaries (January 2025). It estimates total global silver reserves at about 641,400 metric tons. Peru’s Dominant Reserve Position Peru stands out as the single largest holder of silver reserves, with an estimated 140,000 metric tons. This represents roughly 22% of the global total, giving the country a uniquely strategic position in the silver market. RankCountryReserves (metric tons)% of World Total 1 Peru140,00021.9% 2 Australia94,00014.7% 3 Russia92,00014.4% 4 China70,00010.9% 5 Poland61,0009.5% 6 Mexico37,0005.8% 7 Chile26,0004.1% 8 United States23,0003.6% 9 Bolivia22,0003.4% 10 India8,0001.3% 11 Argentina6,5001.0% 12 Canada4,9000.8% -- Other countries57,0008.9% -- World total641,400100.0% Behind Peru is a cluster of countries with substantial, but smaller, reserve bases. Australia, Russia, and China each hold between 70,000 and 94,000 metric tons, collectively accounting for about 40% of global reserves. Production Powerhouses vs. Reserve Depth Mexico offers a striking contrast between production and reserves. It leads the world in silver production, yet holds just 37,000 metric tons of reserves, or about 6% of the global total. Currently, Mexico’s mining sector relies on intensive extraction with fewer projects with established reserves in the pipeline. Silver in Green Technology Global silver demand is poised to soar in the next decade, driven by emerging technologies like electric vehicles and solar power. Silver demand from solar alone has grown from less than 50 million ounces (Moz) a decade ago to an expected 160 Moz in 2023. Learn More on the Voronoi App If you enjoyed today’s post, check out Mapped: Which Countries Hold the Most Gold Reserves? on Voronoi, the new app from Visual Capitalist.

Winners and Losers in U.S. Stocks Over the Last Year See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Key Takeaways Google was one of the big winners of 2025, beating out the rest of the Magnificent Seven. Losers included several prominent sectors, from real estate (REITs) to non-AI software companies. The above visualization shows a heatmap of U.S. stock performance over the trailing 12 months, inclusive of January 5th, 2026 data. The heatmap and data come from Finviz.com, a platform we highly recommend for any of your stock market data visualization needs. U.S. Stock Market: Winners in 2025 Overall, the S&P 500 posted its third straight year with 15% or higher gains. These gains were largely driven by specific sectors that boomed: specifically those tied to AI and the hyperscaling of data centers. 1. Google In 2025, Google (Alphabet) was the biggest individual winner, completing its redemption arc in the world of big tech. It beat out other Magnificent Seven companies handily with a 60%+ return. In short: Google surged in 2025 after proving that AI strengthened rather than disrupted its core search and advertising business, with AI-powered results boosting user engagement, ad pricing, and margins. The release of Gemini 3 also helped flip the AI narrative, showing that Google was a leader in the field. 2. Banks Big diversified banks had a great year, with each bank in the following segment posting double-digit (or higher) gains: Higher interest rates, a rebound in capital markets, and strong consumer and wealth businesses were all firing at once for banks, creating multiple sources of profit. Their scale and diversification helped offset weaker areas like commercial real estate and outperform more specialized lenders. 3. Semiconductors As the world races to build out AI infrastructure, chipmakers like Nvidia (+40%), AMD (+83%), TSMC (+63%), and Broadcom (+48%) saw big double-digit gains over the last year. The biggest winner in this category was Micron (+271%), a leading memory chipmaker. Higher demand and prices for DRAM and high-bandwidth memory drove rapid profit growth and a major re-rating of the stock. 4. Aerospace & Defense Aerospace and defense stocks rose in 2025 as elevated global tensions, rising defense budgets, and sustained military aid commitments drove strong order backlogs and long-term revenue visibility for major contractors. GE Aerospace (+94%) and RTX (+63%) were two top performers. 5. Gold & Mining Gold and mining stocks gained in 2025 as central bank buying, geopolitical risk, and expectations of easier monetary policy pushed gold prices to record highs, boosting margins and cash flows for producers. U.S. Stock Market: Losers in 2025 1. Real Estate (REITs) REITs struggled throughout the last year as elevated interest rates kept borrowing costs high and pressured property valuations, especially in office and commercial real estate. Higher bond yields also made income-oriented real estate less attractive relative to safer fixed-income alternatives. Healthcare facility REITs avoided some of the damage, with Welltower Inc. (+47%) posting some of the strongest gains. 2. Software Applications Non-AI software stocks lagged in 2025 as investors rotated away from high-valuation growth names toward companies with immediate AI monetization and stronger cash flows. Flagship examples of this effect can be seen in the stock performance of heavyweights like Salesforce (-23%), Adobe (-25%), ServiceNow (-30%), and SAP (-2%). 3. Oil and Gas (Upstream) Upstream oil and gas stocks underperformed as energy prices stabilized and production growth limited upside despite ongoing geopolitical risks. Investors also favored capital discipline and shareholder returns over aggressive exploration, muting growth narratives in the sector. 4. Consumer Staples Considered a defensive sector, it was believed that consumer staples would have a stronger year amid the projected geopolitical and economic turmoil. However, with economic growth getting back on track and inflation easing, hopes were quickly dashed as consumers spent money on more discretionary purchases. 5. Fiserv Fiserv shares have collapsed 67% over the last year, after earnings disappointed and margins came under pressure from rising costs and intensifying competition in payments and fintech. The company specializes in processing transactions for banks. Learn More on the Voronoi App What do experts see happening in markets in 2026? Check out our annual Prediction Consensus to get the lowdown.

See more visuals like this on the Voronoi app. Use This Visualization Who Has the World’s Oil, and Who Can Actually Produce It See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Key Takeaways Venezuela holds the world’s largest proven oil reserves, giving it the highest reserves-to-production ratio by far. The U.S. produces oil at almost twice the rate of major competitors Russia and Saudi Arabia, thanks to its booming shale industry. The recent U.S. operation to capture Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro reignited discussions this weekend about the Latin American country’s oil industry. Venezuela currently holds the world’s largest oil reserves—about 303 billion barrels—but its oil industry has struggled in recent years due to mismanagement and U.S. sanctions. Following Maduro’s capture, U.S. President Donald Trump stated that Venezuela’s oil industry would be revived through the entry of American companies into the country. This chart compares proven oil reserves and daily production across the world’s top oil producers, revealing stark contrasts between output-heavy producers and those sitting on vast untapped resources. The data for this visualization comes from the Energy Institute and reflects oil production levels in 2024. Ranked: Top Oil Producers and Their Reserves The United States tops global oil production, pumping more than 20 million barrels per day. While America’s proven reserves seem low at first sight at just 45 billion barrels, this is due to U.S. shale producers’ short investment cycles which book only a few years of economically viable reserves at a time, and replace them through ongoing drilling. Rank (Production)CountryOil production in 2024 (barrels per day)Proven oil reserves (billion barrels of oil) 1 United States20,135,00045.0 2 Saudi Arabia10,856,000267.2 3 Russia10,752,00080.0 4 Canada5,888,000163.0 5 Iran5,062,000208.6 6 Iraq4,398,000145.0 7 China4,264,00028.2 8 United Arab Emirates4,006,000113.0 9 Brazil3,466,00015.9 10 Kuwait2,719,000101.5 11 Mexico1,911,0005.1 12 Kazakhstan1,836,00030.0 13 Norway1,833,0006.9 14 Qatar1,806,00025.2 15 Nigeria1,641,00037.3 16 Algeria1,380,00012.2 17 Argentina1,214,0003.0 18 Libya1,188,00048.4 19 Angola1,181,0002.6 20 Oman993,0005.0 21 Venezuela960,000303.2 22 Colombia773,0002.0 23 India735,0005.0 24 United Kingdom653,0001.5 25 Egypt637,0003.3 Countries like Mexico, Argentina, and the United Kingdom also have relatively modest reserves paired with sustained output, though each situation is unique. Reserve-Rich, Output-Light Producers Venezuela stands apart from every other producer. With more than 300 billion barrels in proven reserves, its reserves-to-production ratio exceeds 800 years—the highest in the world by a wide margin. Iran, Libya, Kuwait, and Iraq also post triple-digit reserve lifespans. Countries like Saudi Arabia, Canada, and the United Arab Emirates strike a middle ground. Saudi Arabia’s reserves could last more than 60 years at current output, while Canada’s oil sands give it one of the longest reserve lifespans among high-production countries. Learn More on the Voronoi App If you enjoyed today’s post, check out Saudi Aramco’s massive oil reserves on Voronoi, the new app from Visual Capitalist.

See more visuals like this on the Voronoi app. Where Housing Inventory is Rising in U.S. Cities See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Key Takeaways U.S. housing inventory rose 26% year-over-year in July 2025, reaching its highest level since at least 2017. Sun Belt and fast-growing metro areas saw the sharpest increases in homes for sale. After years of historically tight housing supply, inventory levels across the U.S. are rebounding. More homes are coming onto the market, giving buyers greater choice and easing some of the pressure that defined the post-pandemic housing boom. This map highlights how housing inventory changed across major U.S. cities in July 2025 compared to a year earlier. The data for this visualization comes from Homes.com. Sun Belt Cities Lead the Inventory Surge Several fast-growing Sun Belt metros top the list for inventory growth. Raleigh, North Carolina, saw the largest increase, with listings up 54.5% year over year. RankCityYoY % change in July 1Raleigh, NC54.5% 2Las Vegas, NV43.1% 3Miami, FL40.1% 4Atlanta, GA36.7% 5Louisville, KY36.5% 6Washington, D.C.34.9% 7San Diego, CA32.4% 8Houston, TX30.9% 9Denver, CO30.1% 10Columbus, OH29.9% 11Sacramento, CA29.1% 12Seattle, WA28.5% 13Phoenix, AZ26.8% 14Salt Lake City, UT26.6% 15Dallas-Fort Worth, TX24.9% 16Charlotte, NC23.9% 17Orlando, FL23.8% 18Portland, OR23.5% 19Los Angeles, CA23.1% 20Inland Empire, CA22.6% 21Cleveland, OH21.8% 22Baltimore, MD21.7% 23Boston, MA21.5% 24Pittsburgh, PA20.3% 25Austin, TX19.2% 26Indianapolis, IN18.9% 27Richmond, VA18.7% 28Kansas City, MO18.5% 29Detroit, MI18.1% 30Tampa, FL18.0% 31New York, NY17.6% 32Jacksonville, FL17.1% 33Philadelphia, PA16.0% 34Birmingham, AL14.8% 35San Antonio, TX13.3% 36Memphis, TN12.9% 37Providence, RI9.7% 38San Jose, CA8.5% 39Minneapolis, MN7.7% 40Chicago, IL6.7% Las Vegas, Miami, and Atlanta also posted gains above 35%, reflecting a rapid cooling from earlier housing booms. Large Coastal Markets See Meaningful Gains Major coastal cities are also seeing notable increases in housing inventory. San Diego’s listings rose 32.4%, while Los Angeles posted a 23.1% increase. Seattle, Sacramento, and Portland all saw gains near or above the national average. Although inventory is rising, affordability challenges remain acute in these markets. Higher mortgage rates and elevated home prices continue to limit buyer activity. In contrast, several Midwestern and Northeastern cities recorded more modest inventory growth. Chicago’s listings increased just 6.7%, while Minneapolis and San Jose saw gains below 10%. New York City’s inventory rose 17.6%, well below the national average. Learn More on the Voronoi App If you enjoyed today’s post, check out America’s 1.1 Million Job Cuts by State in 2025 on Voronoi, the new app from Visual Capitalist.

See more visualizations like this on the Voronoi app. Use This Visualization Top 50 Economies and Their Average Real GDP Growth Since 2000 See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Key Takeaways The U.S. has averaged 2.1% in real GDP growth annually over the past 25 years. China has the highest average real GDP growth of 8.0% over the time period. India, now the world’s fifth largest economy (surpassing the UK), grew at an average rate of 6.4% per year. With an economy worth $30.6 trillion, the United States remains the undisputed global economic heavyweight—and it is expected to retain that lead for years to come. Yet while the U.S. dominates in size, many rivals dominate in growth and momentum. China, its closest competitor, has grown real GDP at an average rate of 8% annually since 2000, while emerging economies like India, Vietnam, and the Philippines have recorded sustained periods of even faster expansion. This graphic shows the GDP of the world’s largest economies along with real GDP growth between 2000-2025, based on data from the IMF’s latest World Economic Outlook. Real GDP Growth Trends Over 25 Years Below, we show the GDP of the top 50 economies, along with average annual real GDP growth between 2000 and 2025: RankCountry2025 Real GDP (Billions)Average AnnualReal GDP Growth2000-2025 1 U.S.$30,6162.1% 2 China$19,3998.0% 3 Germany$5,0141.0% 4 Japan$4,2800.6% 5 India$4,1256.4% 6 UK$3,9591.5% 7 France$3,3621.2% 8 Italy$2,5440.4% 9 Russia$2,5413.0% 10 Canada$2,2841.9% 11 Brazil$2,2572.3% 12 Spain$1,8911.7% 13 Mexico$1,8631.5% 14 South Korea$1,8593.4% 15 Australia$1,8302.7% 16 Türkiye$1,5655.0% 17 Indonesia$1,4434.9% 18 Netherlands$1,3211.5% 19 Saudi Arabia$1,2693.9% 20 Poland$1,0403.6% 21 Switzerland$1,0031.8% 22 Taiwan$8843.7% 23 Belgium$7171.6% 24 Ireland$7095.2% 25 Argentina$6831.9% 26 Sweden$6621.8% 27 Israel$6113.5% 28 Singapore$5744.5% 29 UAE$5693.9% 30 Austria$5661.3% 31 Thailand$5593.2% 32 Norway$5171.6% 33 Philippines$4945.0% 34 Vietnam$4856.4% 35 Bangladesh$4755.9% 36 Malaysia$4714.5% 37 Denmark$4601.4% 38 Colombia$4383.5% 39 Hong Kong SAR$4282.7% 40 South Africa$4262.1% 41 Romania$4233.5% 42 Pakistan$4103.9% 43 Czechia$3832.4% 44 Iran$3573.1% 45 Egypt$3494.3% 46 Chile$3473.4% 47 Portugal$3381.0% 48 Peru$3184.2% 49 Finland$3151.1% 50 Kazakhstan$3005.6% America’s economy accounts for more than a quarter of global GDP. Over the past 25 years, U.S. real GDP growth has averaged 2.1%, meaningfully higher than several other mature, high-income countries. For context, Japan’s economy has averaged 0.6% growth over the period, while Germany grew at a 1% pace. Within Europe, however, countries like Ireland and Poland have seen above-average growth rates of 5.2% and 3.6%, respectively. For Ireland in particular, 10 U.S. companies drive about 60% of the country’s corporate tax revenue. Overall, no major economy has grown faster than China in real terms. Since 2000, China’s economy has surged from $1.2 trillion to $19.4 trillion today, powered by its expanding influence in global manufacturing and trade. India Taking the Reins on Growth This year, India passed the United Kingdom to become the world’s fifth largest economy. Although India’s growth (6.4%) has averaged below China’s (8.0%) over the past 25 years, the trend has reversed in recent years. In 2026, for example, India is projected to grow at 6.3% while China is expected to grow just 4.0%. For that reason, India is likely to pass Japan in the next year to become the world’s fourth largest economy, with Germany (3rd place) in the crosshairs after that. Learn More on the Voronoi App To learn more about this topic, check out this graphic on the fastest-growing economies in 2025.

Mapped: Democracy Around the World in 2025 See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Key Takeaways Europe is the region with the most democratic countries in the world, with nine of the top 10 highest-scoring nations residing there. The United States scores 7.85, which is the 28th highest democracy rating in the world. Venezuela has the lowest score in South America at 2.25, well below the continent’s average rating of 6.01. Most countries have incredibly stable political regimes that don’t experience significant year-to-year change. In Venezuela, however, citizens woke up on January 3, 2026 to a completely different reality: Nicolás Maduro was no longer the de facto president of the country for the first time since 2013. Today’s map (and the interactive version below) visualizes data from the Economist Intelligence Unit’s Democracy Index, published in 2025. Interactive Version Firstly, here’s an interactive version of the map above to play with: You can change the year shown all the way back to 2006, or switch to table or line chart views to view series in a different way. The Data on Democracy Below are the world’s countries ranked based on their latest democracy score. RankCountry or EntityDemocracy ScoreRegion 1 Norway9.81Europe 2 New Zealand9.61Oceania 3 Sweden9.39Europe 4 Iceland9.38Europe 5 Switzerland9.32Europe 6 Finland9.30Europe 7 Denmark9.28Europe 8 Ireland9.19Europe 9 Netherlands9.00Europe 10 Luxembourg8.88Europe 11 Australia8.85Oceania 12 Taiwan8.78Asia 13 Germany8.73Europe 14 Canada8.69North America 15 Uruguay8.67South America 16 Japan8.48Asia 17 United Kingdom8.34Europe 18 Costa Rica8.29North America 19 Austria8.28Europe 20 Mauritius8.23Africa 21 Estonia8.13Europe 22 Spain8.13Europe 23 Czechia8.08Europe 24 Portugal8.08Europe 25 Greece8.07Europe 26 France7.99Europe 27 Malta7.93Europe 28 United States7.85North America 29 Chile7.83South America 30 Slovenia7.82Europe 31 Israel7.80Asia 32 South Korea7.75Asia 33 Latvia7.66Europe 34 Belgium7.64Europe 35 Botswana7.63Africa 36 Lithuania7.59Europe 37 Cape Verde7.58Africa 38 Italy7.58Europe 39 Poland7.40Europe 40 Cyprus7.38Europe 41 India7.29Asia 42 Slovakia7.21Europe 43 South Africa7.16Africa 44 Malaysia7.11Asia 45 Trinidad and Tobago7.09North America 46 East Timor7.03Asia 47 Panama6.84North America 48 Suriname6.79South America 49 Jamaica6.74North America 50 Montenegro6.73Europe 51 Philippines6.63Asia 52 Dominican Republic6.62North America 53 Mongolia6.53Asia 54 Argentina6.51South America 55 Hungary6.51Europe 56 Croatia6.50Europe 57 Brazil6.49South America 58 Namibia6.48Africa 59 Indonesia6.44Asia 60 Colombia6.35South America 61 Bulgaria6.34Europe 62 North Macedonia6.28Europe 63 Thailand6.27Asia 64 Serbia6.26Europe 65 Ghana6.24Africa 66 Albania6.20Europe 67 Sri Lanka6.19Asia 68 Singapore6.18Asia 69 Guyana6.11South America 70 Lesotho6.06Africa 71 Moldova6.04Europe 72 Romania5.99Europe 73 Papua New Guinea5.97Oceania 74 Senegal5.93Africa 75 Paraguay5.92South America 76 Malawi5.85Africa 77 Zambia5.73Africa 78 Peru5.69South America 79 Bhutan5.65Asia 80 Liberia5.57Africa 81 Fiji5.39Oceania 82 Armenia5.35Asia 83 Madagascar5.33Africa 84 Mexico5.32North America 85 Ecuador5.24South America 86 Tanzania5.20Africa 87 Bosnia and Herzegovina5.06Europe 88 Kenya5.05Africa 89 Honduras4.98North America 90 Morocco4.97Africa 91 Ukraine4.90Europe 92 Tunisia4.71Africa 93 Georgia4.70Asia 94 El Salvador4.61North America 95 Nepal4.60Asia 96 Guatemala4.55North America 97 Uganda4.49Africa 98 Gambia4.47Africa 99 Bangladesh4.44Asia 100 Benin4.44Africa 101 Sierra Leone4.32Africa 102 Bolivia4.26South America 103 Turkey4.26Asia 104 Cote d'Ivoire4.22Africa 105 Nigeria4.16Africa 106 Angola4.05Africa 107 Mauritania3.96Africa 108 Lebanon3.56Asia 109 Algeria3.55Africa 110 Kyrgyzstan3.52Asia 111 Palestine3.44Asia 112 Mozambique3.38Africa 113 Rwanda3.34Africa 114 Jordan3.28Asia 115 Ethiopia3.24Africa 116 Qatar3.17Asia 117 Kazakhstan3.08Asia 118 United Arab Emirates3.07Asia 119 Oman3.05Asia 120 Togo2.99Africa 121 Zimbabwe2.98Africa 122 Cambodia2.94Asia 123 Comoros2.84Africa 124 Pakistan2.84Asia 125 Azerbaijan2.80Asia 126 Iraq2.80Asia 127 Congo2.79Africa 128 Egypt2.79Africa 129 Kuwait2.78Asia 130 Haiti2.74North America 131 Djibouti2.70Africa 132 Vietnam2.62Asia 133 Eswatini2.60Africa 134 Cuba2.58North America 135 Cameroon2.56Africa 136 Burkina Faso2.55Africa 137 Bahrain2.45Asia 138 Mali2.40Africa 139 Libya2.31Africa 140 Niger2.26Africa 141 Venezuela2.25South America 142 Gabon2.18Africa 143 Burundi2.13Africa 144 China2.11Asia 145 Uzbekistan2.10Asia 146 Nicaragua2.09North America 147 Saudi Arabia2.08Asia 148 Guinea2.04Africa 149 Guinea-Bissau2.03Africa 150 Russia2.03Europe 151 Belarus1.99Europe 152 Eritrea1.97Africa 153 Iran1.96Asia 154 Yemen1.95Asia 155 Democratic Republic of Congo1.92Africa 156 Equatorial Guinea1.92Africa 157 Chad1.89Africa 158 Tajikistan1.83Asia 159 Laos1.71Asia 160 Turkmenistan1.66Asia 161 Sudan1.46Africa 162 Syria1.32Asia 163 Central African Republic1.18Africa 164 North Korea1.08Asia 165 Myanmar0.96Asia 166 Afghanistan0.25Asia -- World Average5.17-- Norway leads with a score of 9.81, and other Nordic countries (Sweden, Finland, Iceland, Denmark) also score well. In fact, nine of the top 10 countries are all European. Meanwhile, the highest scoring country in the Americas is Canada with a Democracy Index score of 8.69 (Rank: 14th) while the U.S. comes in with 7.85 (Rank: 28th). Venezuela’s Democracy Ranking The Maduro regime in Venezuela has steadily fallen in the rankings since he took power in 2013 from Hugo Chávez. YearCountryDemocracy ScoreChange from Prev Year 2013 Venezuela5.07-0.08 2014 Venezuela5.070.00 2015 Venezuela5.00-0.07 2016 Venezuela4.68-0.32 2017 Venezuela3.87-0.81 2018 Venezuela3.16-0.71 2019 Venezuela2.88-0.28 2020 Venezuela2.76-0.12 2021 Venezuela2.21-0.55 2022 Venezuela2.230.02 2023 Venezuela2.310.08 2024 Venezuela2.25-0.06 2013-2024Total Change-2.82-- Why did Venezuela fall so swiftly in global democracy rankings? As Nicolás Maduro consolidated power, Venezuela saw an erosion of checks and balances and weakening of electoral integrity. Elections have been widely criticized for lacking fairness, transparency, and meaningful opposition participation. The government has curtailed judicial independence, sidelined the National Assembly, and ruled increasingly by decree. Finally, media freedom has sharply declined through censorship, shutdowns, and intimidation. Civil liberties have been undermined by repression of protests, arbitrary detentions, and political persecution. Learn More on the Voronoi App Which countries have the most oil reserves? Venezuela tops that list in this visualization on Voronoi.

See more visuals like this on the Voronoi app. Use This Visualization Visualized: AI Safety Report Card of Leading Companies This graphic was first posted on Voronoi. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Key Takeaways Anthropic (creators of Claude) scored highest overall (C+), standing out for not training on user data, leading in alignment research, and structuring itself as a Public Benefit Corporation committed to safety. Only three companies—Anthropic, OpenAI, and DeepMind—report any testing for high-risk capabilities like bio- or cyber-terrorism, and even these efforts often lack clear reasoning or rigorous standards. AI systems are moving from novelty to infrastructure. They write, code, search, and increasingly act on our behalf. That speed has put a spotlight on a harder question: how seriously are AI companies managing the risks that come with more capable models? This graphic visualizes and compares the safety scores of major AI companies using data from the AI Safety Index published by the Future of Life Institute, which scores companies across six key metrics. Which AI Companies Prioritize Safety Most? Based on the scores across six key metrics of AI safety, Anthropic, the creators of Claude, scored highest overall with a C+. Anthropic was the only company that scored an “A” grade in two categories, with an A- in both governance and accountability along with information sharing. The table below shows the overall grade of each AI company in terms of safety, along with their grades in specific safety categories. AnthropicOpenAI Google DeepMind x.AIMetaZhipu AI DeepSeek Overall GradeC+CC-DDFF Risk AssessmentC+CC-FDFF Current HarmsB-BC+D+D+DD Safety FrameworksCCD+D+D+FF Existential SafetyDFD-FFFF Governance & AccountabilityA-C-DC-D-D+D+ Information SharingA-BBC+DDD Following Anthropic was OpenAI, creators of ChatGPT, which received a C grade overall. The only category it scored higher than Anthropic in was in the current harms category, partially thanks to the fact that OpenAI was the only company with a published whistleblowing policy at the time of the report’s publication. Chinese companies Zhipu.AI and DeepSeek both received failing grades overall, though the report notes that China’s stricter national AI regulations may explain their weaker performance on Western-aligned self-governance and transparency metrics. Understanding “AI Safety” and Why it Matters A useful AI safety program is more than a promise to “be responsible.” It shows up as concrete processes: documented evaluations, clear thresholds for when to pause or limit deployment, and a trail of public reporting that lets outsiders understand what was tested and why. Companies that score well tend to communicate more about how they handle model behavior, misuse risks, and incident response. In contrast, lower-rated firms often appear opaque—either disclosing less overall or providing safety statements that are hard to verify. In highlighting companies’ weak points when it comes to AI safety, the report from the Future of Life Institute notes that the AI industry is both fundamentally unprepared for its stated goals of reaching artificial general intelligence (AGI). Along with this, it states that AI capabilities are accelerating far faster than risk management practices, and the lack of a regulatory floor means companies can cut corners on safety in order to get ahead in the race towards AGI. Learn More on the Voronoi App To learn more about AI companies, check out this graphic on Voronoi that charts the skyrocketing revenues of Anthropic, OpenAI, and xAI.

See more visuals like this on the Voronoi app. Use This Visualization Mapped: Each State’s Favorite Fast Food Restaurant See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Key Takeaways Wendy’s leads the map as the favorite in six states, followed closely by Sonic with five—together accounting for 11 of 51 favorites. State tastes are highly fragmented: 28 different chains appear overall, and 15 of them are the top pick in only a single state. Fast food is one of the most familiar parts of American eating culture, but the fast food restaurants people love can be surprisingly different by state. This map shows the single most popular fast food chain in every state (and Washington, D.C.) using data from FinanceBuzz which tracks Google Trends scores and normalizes them for the number of restaurant locations per 100,000 people. America’s Favorite Fast Food Restaurants by State Wendy’s is the most common state favorite in the dataset, finishing #1 in six different states. Sonic, the largest drive-in restaurant chain in America, is right behind as the favorite in five states. The data table below shows the favorite fast food restaurant of each U.S. state: U.S. StateFavorite Fast Food Restaurant AlabamaCaptain D's AlaskaDomino's Pizza ArizonaJack in the Box ArkansasSonic CaliforniaJack in the Box ColoradoQdoba ConnecticutJersey Mike's DelawareChick-fil-A District of ColumbiaShake Shack FloridaWendy's GeorgiaChick-fil-A HawaiiPanda Express IdahoPapa Murphy's IllinoisJimmy John's IndianaArby's IowaJimmy John's KansasSonic KentuckyPapa John's LouisianaPopeyes MaineSubway MarylandChipotle MassachusettsPanera Bread MichiganLittle Caesars MinnesotaJimmy John's MississippiSonic MissouriTaco Bell MontanaWendy's NebraskaArby's NevadaJack in the Box New HampshireFive Guys New JerseyJersey Mike's New MexicoSonic New YorkShake Shack North CarolinaBojangles North DakotaSubway OhioWendy's OklahomaSonic OregonPapa Murphy's PennsylvaniaWendy's Rhode IslandBurger King South CarolinaBojangles South DakotaTaco John's TennesseeHardee's TexasWhataburger UtahWendy's VermontSubway VirginiaHardee's WashingtonMOD Pizza West VirginiaWendy's WisconsinCulver's WyomingTaco John's While the states that prefer Wendy’s are spread out from Montana to Pennsylvania, the five that choose Sonic are all clustered around Oklahoma, its home state. After the top two, three fast food chains are tied as favorites in three states each: Jack in the Box, Subway, and Jimmy John’s. Home-State Pride Can Give Restaurants the Edge Beyond the leaders, these fast food preferences highlight the incredible amount of variety in terms of fast food favorites, with 28 different chains appearing as a state favorite. This long tail reflects a patchwork of local loyalties rather than dominance by one brand, often reinforced by home-state advantages: Whataburger in Texas, Wendy’s in Ohio, and Shake Shack in New York show how proximity to a chain’s roots can translate into lasting popularity. That dynamic helps explain why the U.S. fast food landscape can feel both national and deeply local at the same time. When a chain’s “hometown” becomes part of its brand story, it can turn everyday convenience into something closer to regional tradition. Notably absent from the map is McDonald’s, which could be partially due to the fact that it had the highest average menu-price inflation among major U.S. fast food chains from 2014 to 2024, with prices roughly doubling over that period. Learn More on the Voronoi App To learn more about the fast food industry in the United States, check out this graphic on Voronoi that breaks down America’s most popular fast food brands by sales.

Life Expectancy vs. Healthcare Spending (1970-2023) See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Key Takeaways Life expectancy is one proxy for comparing health outcomes across countries. The U.S. spends more than twice as much per capita on healthcare as other high-income countries, yet has a lower life expectancy than the OECD average. Several factors—many outside the healthcare system itself—help explain this gap. As Warren Buffett popularized: “Price is what you pay, value is what you get”. Just because someone pays the most, doesn’t mean that they extract the biggest payoff from a product or service. Today’s visual from Our World in Data that compares life expectancy with healthcare spending per capita hints at exactly this paradox. Interactive Version First of all, here’s an interactive version of the chart above to play with: You can add and subtract countries by clicking on “Select Countries and Regions”. You can also edit the years shown. The Data on Life Expectancy vs. Healthcare Spending Below is the data for 51 countries for the year 2023: RankCountryLife expectancy (2023)Health expenditure per capita (2023) 1 Japan84.71$4,806 2 South Korea84.33$4,055 3 Switzerland83.95$7,930 4 Australia83.92$5,778 5 Italy83.72$4,046 6 Spain83.67$3,901 7 France83.33$6,036 8 Norway83.31$7,424 9 Malta83.30$4,941 10 Sweden83.26$6,204 11 Iceland82.69$5,228 12 Canada82.63$5,981 13 Ireland82.41$5,689 14 Israel82.41$3,154 15 Portugal82.36$3,906 16 Luxembourg82.23$6,078 17 Netherlands82.16$6,273 18 Belgium82.12$6,123 19 New Zealand82.09$4,938 20 Austria81.96$6,361 21 Denmark81.93$5,823 22 Finland81.91$5,375 23 Greece81.86$2,943 24 Cyprus81.65$3,869 25 Slovenia81.60$4,118 26 Germany81.38$7,248 27 United Kingdom81.30$5,413 28 Chile81.17$2,964 29 Costa Rica80.80$1,565 30 Czechia79.83$3,943 31 United States79.30$12,023 32 Estonia79.15$2,921 33 Poland78.63$3,125 34 Croatia78.58$2,751 35 Slovakia78.34$2,672 36 China78.20$1,086 37 Peru77.74$817 38 Colombia77.73$1,537 39 Argentina77.40$2,850 40 Turkey77.16$1,846 41 Hungary77.02$2,613 42 Latvia76.19$2,494 43 Lithuania76.03$3,224 44 Romania75.94$2,373 45 Bulgaria75.64$2,612 46 Mexico75.07$1,244 47 Brazil74.87$1,661 48 India71.70$290 49 Ukraine71.63$1,429 50 Indonesia71.15$376 51 South Africa65.45$1,218 --Average79.74$3,986 The clear takeaway is that while most high and upper-middle income countries cluster around the same trajectory, the United States is a clear outlier. On average, the countries on the above list have a life expectancy of 79.74 years for a cost of $3,986 per person, while the U.S. has a life expectancy of 79.3 and spend of $12,023 per person. Peer countries (Canada, UK, Germany, Japan, France, Italy) spend about half of what the U.S. does on healthcare per capita on average, but all have better life expectancy outcomes. Why is the U.S. an Outlier? While the U.S. excels in advanced and specialized medical care, life expectancy outcomes are held back by lifestyle and social factors rather than clinical capability. Higher rates of obesity, chronic disease, opioid overdoses, gun violence, and traffic fatalities all weigh on average lifespan. At the same time, healthcare access is uneven, with large gaps by income, race, and geography. As a result, additional spending often goes toward higher prices and end-of-life care, producing diminishing returns in overall life expectancy. Learn More on the Voronoi App View the highest and lowest life expectancy rates around the world in this map.

See more visuals like this on the Voronoi app. Use This Visualization Charted: The Decline of Global Wine Production and Consumption See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Key Takeaways Global wine production fell nearly 19% between 2015 and 2024, reaching its lowest level in a decade. Wine consumption also declined during the period. Wine production and consumption have entered a sustained decline over the last decade. This chart tracks how global wine output, consumption, and trade have evolved since 2015. The data for this visualization comes from the International Organisation of Vine and Wine (OIV). It tracks production, consumption, and imports from 2015 through 2024, measured in billions of liters. Wine Production Hits a Decade Low Global wine production peaked intermittently during the late 2010s, reaching nearly 30 billion liters in 2018. Since then, output has steadily fallen, dropping to just 22.6 billion liters in 2024. That represents an almost 19% decline over the nine-year period. Year (billions of liters)Global wine productionGlobal wine consumptionGlobal wine imports 201527.8324.1110.60 201627.1924.4910.55 201724.9724.6511.03 201829.6324.1010.57 201925.9123.6610.79 202026.3023.1910.64 202126.0823.5011.22 202226.3822.9910.66 202323.7322.159.92 202422.5621.419.91 % Change 2015 to 2024-18.9%-11.2%-6.5% Extreme weather events, including droughts, heatwaves, and late frosts, have disrupted harvests in major wine-producing regions. At the same time, rising costs and tighter environmental regulations are adding pressure to growers worldwide. Consumption Declines More Gradually While production has fallen sharply, global wine consumption has declined at a slower pace. Total consumption dropped from about 24.1 billion liters in 2015 to 21.4 billion liters in 2024, a decline of roughly 11%. Health-conscious lifestyles, aging populations in traditional wine markets, and younger consumers drinking less alcohol overall are contributing factors. Global Trade Shows Signs of Softening Wine imports have also edged lower, falling about 6.5% over the same period. After peaking above 11 billion liters in the early 2020s, global wine trade slipped below 10 billion liters by 2023 and 2024. Learn More on the Voronoi App If you enjoyed today’s post, check out Ranked: Which Country Consumes the Most Coffee? on Voronoi, the new app from Visual Capitalist.

The Fastest-Growing Jobs in the U.S. in the Next Decade See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Key Takeaways Care roles dominate job growth, with home health and personal care aides set to add nearly 740,000 jobs by 2034. Tech jobs offer the best growth-pay mix, led by software developers adding 268,000 roles at $133K median pay. Management roles pay the most, with computer and information systems managers earning $171K while adding 100K+ jobs. Which jobs are adding the most openings over the next decade? This visualization from USAFacts uses data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) to forecast the fastest-growing jobs in the U.S. over the next decade. Data on the Fastest-Growing Jobs to 2034 As the U.S. population continues to age, home health and personal care aides are the fastest-growing profession by far. In the span of a decade, there will be a whopping 739,800 new positions in this field added nationwide. However, it’s worth mentioning that these jobs have one of the lowest median salaries on the list at under $35,000 per year. RankOccupationProjected New JobsMedian Annual Pay (2024) 1Home health and personal care aides739.8K$34.9K 2Software developers267.7K$133.1K 3Stockers and order fillers235.0K$37.1K 4Fast food and counter workers233.2K$30.5K 5Cooks, restaurant217.0K$36.8K 6Registered nurses166.1K$93.6K 7General and operations managers164.0K$103.0K 8Medical and health services managers142.9K$118.0K 9Financial managers128.8K$161.7K 10Nurse practitioners128.4K$129.2K 11Construction laborers106.5K$46.7K 12Computer and information systems managers101.6K$171.2K 13Medical assistants101.2K$44.2K 14Management analysts94.5K$101.2K 15Heavy and tractor-trailer truck drivers89.3K$57.4K 16Data scientists82.5K$112.6K 17Substance abuse, behavioral disorder, and mental health counselors81.0K$59.2K 18Light truck drivers78.9K$44.1K 19Electricians77.4K$62.4K 20First-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers73.0K$42.0K Tech careers, such as software developers and computer and information systems managers, also feature strongly in the mix, though it’s arguable that AI could impact some of these fields tremendously. Big tech companies famously slowed the hiring of developers in 2025. Finally, it’s worth noting that there are some well-paying careers that make the list. In terms of jobs with median earnings well over $100,000 per year, there are a few roles that hit the spot: data scientists ($112.6K), software developers ($133.1K), computer and information systems managers ($171.2K), financial managers ($161.7K), and nurse practitioners ($129.2K) are just a few that stand out. Learn More on the Voronoi App Which jobs are the safest from AI? See this infographic on Voronoi to see where the most job security lies.

See more visuals like this on the Voronoi app. Use This Visualization Ranked: The Great Lakes by Maximum Depth See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Key Takeaways Lake Superior is the deepest of the Great Lakes, plunging more than 1,300 feet at its lowest point. Lake Erie is by far the shallowest Great Lake, with a maximum depth of just 210 feet. The Great Lakes are one of North America’s most defining natural features. Together, they hold roughly 20% of the world’s surface fresh water and stretch across more than 94,000 square miles. While they are often discussed as a single system, each lake has a very different underwater landscape. This visualization maps the maximum depth of each Great Lake, highlighting dramatic contrasts shaped by glaciers, geology, and time. The data for this visualization comes from WorldAtlas, supported by bathymetric data from NOAA and geographic data from Natural Earth. Lake Superior: The Deepest Freshwater Giant Lake Superior is the undisputed heavyweight when it comes to depth. At 1,333 feet (406 meters), it is not only the deepest of the Great Lakes, but also the deepest freshwater lake in the United States. Its immense volume means it contains more water than the other four Great Lakes combined. LakeMax Depth (feet)Max Depth (meters)U.S. States Bordered Lake Superior1,333406Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan Lake Michigan923281Michigan, Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana Lake Ontario802244New York Lake Huron751229Michigan Lake Erie21064Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York Why is depth important? Depth plays a critical role in water temperature, circulation, ecosystems, and even shipping routes. Deeper lakes tend to warm more slowly, mix differently, and support distinct aquatic life compared to shallower ones. Lake Superior’s depth contributes to colder average temperatures and powerful storms, making the lake both ecologically unique and notoriously dangerous for shipping. Its deep basins were carved by glaciers over thousands of years, leaving behind steep underwater cliffs and trenches. Lakes Michigan, Ontario, and Huron: Deep but Distinct Lake Michigan ranks second in depth at 923 feet (281 meters). Unlike the others, it is the only Great Lake located entirely within the United States. Its depth supports major commercial shipping lanes and a diverse aquatic ecosystem. Lake Ontario follows closely with a maximum depth of 802 feet (244 meters), despite being the smallest by surface area. Lake Huron, at 751 feet (229 meters), appears shallower by comparison but still contains enormous volumes of water due to its sprawling size. Lake Erie stands apart as the shallowest Great Lake, reaching just 210 feet (64 meters) at its deepest point. Its shallow depth allows it to warm quickly in summer and freeze more easily in winter. Learn More on the Voronoi App If you enjoyed today’s post, check out The World’s Forests on Voronoi, the new app from Visual Capitalist.

See more visuals like this on the Voronoi app. Use This Visualization U.S. Population by Generation See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Key Takeaways Millennials are the largest generation in the U.S., accounting for more than one in five Americans. Boomers and Gen X together still make up nearly 40% of the population, reflecting the country’s aging demographic profile. The age structure of the U.S. population is undergoing a major transition, as younger generations are becoming more prominent. This visualization breaks down the U.S. population by generation in 2025, using data from the U.S. Census Bureau, as of 2025. Millennials and Gen Z Are the Two Largest Millennials, born between 1981 and 1996, are the largest generation in the U.S., with roughly 74 million people. They account for 22% of the total population and are now firmly in their prime working and family-forming years. Close behind is Generation Z, with over 71 million people, representing 21% of Americans. GenerationBirth YearsAge Range (2025)PopulationShare of population Silent Generation1928–194580–9713,741,6304% Baby Boomers1946–196461–7964,448,24819% Generation X1965–198045–6065,432,12119% Millennials1981–199629–4474,104,18622% Generation Z1997–201213–2871,146,11621% Generation Alpha2013–20250–1251,238,68715% Total Population--340,110,988100% Boomers and Gen X are a Major Demographical Force Baby Boomers remain a major demographic force, totaling about 64 million people, or 19% of the population. Now aged 61 to 79, this group continues to impact healthcare demand, retirement systems, and wealth distribution. Generation X is nearly the same size, with 65 million people and an equal 19% share. Meanwhile, generation Alpha, born from 2013 onward, already numbers more than 51 million people. Although they represent 15% of the population, their impact is still emerging. This cohort will shape future education systems, technology adoption, and long-term workforce trends. At the opposite end of the spectrum, the Silent Generation now makes up just 4% of Americans. Learn More on the Voronoi App If you enjoyed today’s post, check out Why U.S. Homes Feel Pricier: House Prices vs. Income (1985–2025) on Voronoi, the new app from Visual Capitalist.

See more visuals like this on the Voronoi app. Use This Visualization Every ‘Word of the Year’ According to Dictionaries (2020-2025) See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. It’s impossible to describe an entire year with just a single word, but the various major dictionaries try each year. While it can’t capture all of the complexity a year had in store, the right word can be emblematic of a year’s social phenomena, newly established terminology, and shared cultural experiences over those 365 days. This graphic visualizes the words of the year of five major dictionaries from 2020 to 2025, with the dictionaries’ sites (Dictionary.com, Merriam-Webster, Collins, Oxford, and Cambridge) being the source of the data. How Dictionaries Choose Their Word of the Year Dictionary.com, Collins, Merriam-Webster, Oxford, and Cambridge all treat their ‘Word of the Year’ as an editorial choice that is guided heavily by evidence of real-world usage and public interest. Dictionary.com weighs cultural impact alongside signals like news and social trends, while Collins draws on its Collins Corpus of spoken and written English to spot words that rose to prominence. Merriam-Webster and Cambridge lean strongly on lookup and search spikes on their sites, then apply editorial judgment (Cambridge also filters for zeitgeist and what’s linguistically notable). Oxford combines corpus-based language research with editor curation and, in some years, public voting, before its team makes the final call. In short: editors make the final pick, primarily using data from searches, written and spoken language, along with cultural trends. Words That Defined Each Year From 2020 to 2025 With the words of the year of various dictionaries laid out clearly, it’s fascinating to see the trends that were felt most each year. The table below shows the word of the year of major dictionaries from 2020 to 2025: 202020212022202320242025 Dictionary.compandemicallyshipwomanhallucinatedemure6-7 Merriam-Websterpandemicvaccinegaslightingauthenticpolarizationslop CollinslockdownNFTpermacrisisAIBratvibe coding Oxfordno word chosenvaxgoblin moderizzbrain rotrage bait Cambridgequarantineperseverancehomerhallucinatemanifestparasocial We can see how 2020 was defined by the pandemic, with pandemic, quarantine, and lockdown all chosen that year (while Oxford University Press didn’t choose a word that year). While 2021’s words feature vaccine, vax, and perseverance, non-pandemic words and trends like NFT and allyship were part of the mix. 2023 brought AI-related words like hallucinate and AI into the mix, as it was ChatGPT’s first full year after launching in November of 2022. In 2025, we’ve seen evolutions of more specific AI-related jargon like slop (sloppy or low-quality AI-made digital content) and vibe coding, which defines AI-driven software development through prompts rather than writing out the code oneself. 2025’s other words of the year like parasocial and rage bait define growing cultural trends and behaviors of an increasingly online world, while 6-7 remains a largely incomprehensible meme—ubiquitous among younger generations despite having no clear or widely agreed-upon meaning. Learn More on the Voronoi App If you liked this visualization, check out this graphic on Voronoi that breaks down the world’s most-spoken languages.

See more visualizations like this on the Voronoi app. Use This Visualization Ranked: The 30 Largest Cities in North America in 2025 See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Key Takeaways Mexico City, New York City, and Los Angeles are the only three cities with populations exceeding 10 million. The U.S. is home to 15 of the top 30 most populous cities in North America. With 17.7 million residents, Mexico’s capital is bigger than New York City and Chicago combined. Over the next decade, Mexico City is forecasted to add another 175,000 to its population. The Big Apple, in contrast, is set to shrink by about 189,000 residents. This graphic shows the biggest North American cities by population, based on data from the United Nations World Urbanization Prospects 2025. Urban populations can be measured in different ways. In this methodology, the UN looks at satellite-mapped urban footprints for consistency. For this reason some city populations may not line up exactly as you may expect. Where Are the Largest Cities in North America? Below, we show the 30 most populous cities in North America in 2025: RankCityCountry2025 Population 1Mexico City Mexico17,734,000 2New York City U.S.13,920,000 3Los Angeles U.S.12,740,000 4Toronto Canada5,494,000 5Santo Domingo Dominican Republic4,600,000 6Guadalajara Mexico4,135,000 7Houston U.S.3,955,000 8Monterrey Mexico3,938,000 9Chicago U.S.3,683,000 10Washington, D.C. U.S.3,270,000 11San Francisco U.S.3,163,000 12Miami U.S.2,912,000 13Guatemala City Guatemala2,838,000 14Montreal Canada2,669,000 15Denver U.S.2,266,000 16Philadelphia U.S.2,232,000 17Las Vegas U.S.2,184,000 18San José Costa Rica2,171,000 19Phoenix U.S.1,972,000 20Puebla Mexico1,948,000 21San Diego U.S.1,915,000 22Port-au-Prince Haiti1,868,000 23Vancouver Canada1,708,000 24San Antonio U.S.1,686,000 25Boston U.S.1,640,000 26San Salvador El Salvador1,615,000 27Tegucigalpa Honduras1,607,000 28Havana Cuba1,594,000 29Tijuana Mexico1,558,000 30Panama City Panama1,527,000 With the largest population by far, the Mexico City region drives almost 25% of Mexico’s GDP. Trade and transportation is the capital’s most prominent sector, bolstered by shifting supply chains and nearshoring. After Mexico City, Guadalajara, known as the “Silicon Valley of Mexico” is the country’s second-most populous city, at 4.1 million. Meanwhile, New York City sits at a population of 13.9 million in 2025. Since 2020, the financial hub has lost about 128,000 residents, with many moving to Florida, Texas, and California. In contrast, Los Angeles has grown by nearly 250,000 over the same period to reach 12.7 million. Ranking fourth is Toronto, Canada’s leading financial center. Like Los Angeles, it has added roughly 250,000 residents since 2020, making it one of the country’s fastest-growing major cities. Looking ahead, Toronto is projected to grow by another 370,000 people over the next decade, largely driven by international migration. Learn More on the Voronoi App To learn more about this topic, check out this graphic on the two largest cities on every continent.

See more visuals like this on the Voronoi app. Use This Visualization Mapped: Natural Resource Income as a Share of GDP See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Key Takeaways Libya derives over half of its GDP from natural resource rents, making the country highly exposed to commodity price swings. Resource dependence is far more common in developing and energy-exporting economies than in advanced industrial nations. Natural resources remain a powerful driver of economic output for many countries. From oil and gas to minerals and forests, these assets can generate enormous income, but they also create vulnerability. This visualization maps natural resource income as a share of GDP, highlighting which economies are most dependent on extracting and selling raw materials. The data for this visualization comes from the World Bank Group. It measures natural resource rents as a share of GDP in 2021, defined as the economic surplus generated from oil, gas, coal, minerals, and forests after accounting for extraction costs. Extreme Resource Dependence in Energy Exporters A small group of countries sits at the extreme end of resource dependence. Libya tops the list, with natural resource rents accounting for 61% of its GDP, reflecting its heavy reliance on oil exports. Iraq, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and the Republic of Congo also derive more than one-third of their economic output from natural resources. In these economies, government revenues, employment, and foreign exchange earnings are closely tied to global commodity prices. RankCountryNatural Resources Income (% of GDP) 1 Libya61.03% 2 Iraq43.45% 3 Democratic Republic of the Congo38.83% 4 Republic of Congo37.71% 5 Zambia35.26% 6 Timor-Leste34.73% 7 Guyana33.68% 8 Mongolia33.14% 9 Iran, Islamic Rep.30.45% 10 Angola29.97% 11 Azerbaijan29.94% 12 Oman29.21% 13 Papua New Guinea27.39% 14 Qatar27.29% 15 Kazakhstan26.84% 16 Saudi Arabia25.57% 17 Brunei Darussalam24.28% 18 Equatorial Guinea23.50% 19 Algeria22.59% 20 Liberia21.92% 21 Chad21.34% 22 Uzbekistan20.47% 23 Burkina Faso20.14% 24 Russia18.51% 25 Gabon18.49% 26 Mali18.42% 27 Solomon Islands18.40% 28 Cabo Verde17.66% 29 United Arab Emirates17.63% 30 Chile16.90% 31 New Caledonia16.79% 32 Bahrain16.64% 33 Mozambique14.91% 34 Burundi13.96% 35 Australia13.36% 36 Ghana13.35% 37 Sudan12.75% 38 Peru12.72% 39 Kyrgyz Republic11.51% 40 Mauritania11.45% 41 Somalia11.24% 42 Guinea-Bissau10.43% 43 Central African Republic10.26% 44 Norway10.05% 45 Suriname9.59% 46 Bolivia9.47% 47 Tajikistan9.05% 48 Sierra Leone9.04% 49 Myanmar8.68% 50 Nigeria8.55% 51 Brazil7.94% 52 Togo7.86% 53 Trinidad and Tobago7.86% 54 Ukraine7.51% 55 Uganda7.48% 56 South Africa7.33% 57 Armenia7.05% 58 Malaysia6.92% 59 Ecuador6.70% 60 Tanzania6.69% 61 Niger6.41% 62 Zimbabwe6.40% 63 Ethiopia5.87% 64 Madagascar5.53% 65 Cameroon5.53% 66 Lao PDR5.38% 67 Colombia5.32% 68 Indonesia5.16% 69 Egypt5.14% 70 Canada4.95% 71 Cote d'Ivoire4.74% 72 Guinea4.52% 73 Senegal4.40% 74 Lesotho4.32% 75 Malawi4.22% 76 Namibia4.03% 77 Rwanda4.02% 78 Nicaragua3.84% 79 Panama3.66% 80 Mexico3.64% 81 India3.16% 82 Eswatini3.00% 83 Gambia, The2.86% 84 Bhutan2.73% 85 Argentina2.65% 86 Viet Nam2.55% 87 Benin2.30% 88 Fiji2.25% 89 Tunisia2.25% 90 Dominican Republic2.08% 91 Philippines1.97% 92 Guatemala1.93% 93 Uruguay1.93% 94 Sao Tome and Principe1.88% 95 Belarus1.86% 96 Thailand1.82% 97 Serbia1.75% 98 Estonia1.72% 99 China1.71% 100 Comoros1.63% 101 New Zealand1.49% 102 Albania1.44% 103 Pakistan1.44% 104 Georgia1.39% 105 Paraguay1.35% 106 United States1.28% 107 Kenya1.23% 108 Honduras1.22% 109 Sweden1.21% 110 Latvia1.17% 111 Romania1.14% 112 Botswana1.04% 113 Poland1.03% 114 Kosovo0.93% 115 Bulgaria0.92% 116 Cambodia0.84% 117 Turkiye0.83% 118 Bosnia and Herzegovina0.81% 119 Costa Rica0.76% 120 Croatia0.68% 121 Montenegro0.64% 122 Bangladesh0.61% 123 United Kingdom0.59% 124 Vanuatu0.57% 125 El Salvador0.54% 126 Belize0.52% 127 Nepal0.50% 128 Jamaica0.46% 129 Finland0.45% 130 Israel0.44% 131 Afghanistan0.43% 132 Hungary0.40% 133 Czechia0.39% 134 Morocco0.39% 135 Netherlands0.34% 136 Denmark0.34% 137 Barbados0.33% 138 Haiti0.33% 139 Portugal0.29% 140 Lithuania0.29% 141 Samoa0.28% 142 Djibouti0.28% 143 Moldova0.24% 144 Slovak Republic0.23% 145 Slovenia0.19% 146 North Macedonia0.14% 147 Seychelles0.12% 148 Austria0.12% 149 Spain0.12% 150 Italy0.11% 151 Ireland0.10% 152 Greece0.09% 153 Sri Lanka0.08% 154 Jordan0.08% 155 Germany0.08% 156 Korea, Rep.0.05% 157 Japan0.05% 158 Belgium0.04% 159 Kiribati0.04% 160 Tonga0.04% 161 Dominica0.03% 162 France0.03% 163 St. Vincent and the Grenadines0.02% 164 Micronesia, Fed. Sts.0.02% 165 The Bahamas0.01% 166 St. Lucia0.01% 167 Cyprus0.01% 168 Switzerland0.01% 169 Luxembourg0.00% 170 Maldives0.00% 171 French Polynesia0.00% 172 Turks and Caicos Islands0.00% 173 Lebanon0.00% 174 Mauritius0.00% 175 Aruba0.00% 176 Hong Kong0.00% 177 Macao0.00% 178 Singapore0.00% 179 Iceland0.00% 180 Andorra0.00% 181 Antigua and Barbuda0.00% 182 American Samoa0.00% 183 Bermuda0.00% 184 Cuba0.00% 185 Curacao0.00% 186 Eritrea0.00% 187 Faroe Islands0.00% 188 Grenada0.00% 189 Gibraltar0.00% 190 Greenland0.00% 191 Guam0.00% 192 Isle of Man0.00% 193Channel Islands0.00% 194 St. Kitts and Nevis0.00% 195 North Korea0.00% 196 Kuwait0.00% 197 Cayman Islands0.00% 198 Liechtenstein0.00% 199 Monaco0.00% 200 St. Martin (French part)0.00% 201 Marshall Islands0.00% 202 Northern Mariana Islands0.00% 203 Malta0.00% 204 Nauru0.00% 205 Puerto Rico (U.S.)0.00% 206 West Bank and Gaza0.00% 207 Palau0.00% 208 San Marino0.00% 209 South Sudan0.00% 210 Sint Maarten (Dutch part)0.00% 211 Syrian Arab Republic0.00% 212 Turkmenistan0.00% 213 Tuvalu0.00% 214 Venezuela, RB0.00% 215 British Virgin Islands0.00% 216 Virgin Islands (U.S.)0.00% 217 Yemen, Rep.0.00% Many of the most resource-dependent countries are concentrated in the Middle East and Africa. Oil- and gas-rich nations such as Iran, Angola, Oman, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia feature prominently. In sub-Saharan Africa, mineral exporters like Zambia and Mongolia, along with oil producers such as Equatorial Guinea and Chad, rely heavily on resource rents. Advanced Economies Show Low Resource Reliance In contrast, most advanced economies generate only a small share of GDP from natural resources. Countries such as the United States, Germany, Japan, France, and the United Kingdom all register resource rents near or below 1% of GDP. Even resource-rich developed nations like Norway and Australia show relatively moderate dependence, reflecting diversified economies with strong manufacturing and services sectors. Learn More on the Voronoi App If you enjoyed today’s post, check out Global GDP Growth Projections in 2025 on Voronoi, the new app from Visual Capitalist.

Top 20 Central Banks Ranked by Total Assets (Q3 2025) Key Takeaways The Euro Area leads the world with over $7.1 trillion in central bank assets, narrowly ahead of China and the United States. Central bank assets can signal how actively a country intervenes in its economy, through QE, currency pegs, or reserve accumulation. Emerging markets like India, Brazil, and Saudi Arabia are increasingly significant, each holding over $500 billion in assets. Global central banks play a critical role in shaping economic stability and monetary policy. Their balance sheets, often stacked with government securities, foreign reserves, and other financial instruments, offer a window into their financial firepower and strategic priorities. The latest data from the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) reveals the world’s largest central banks by total assets as of Q3 2025. This ranking reflects not only the size of the underlying economies but also differences in monetary policy strategies, levels of quantitative easing, and foreign exchange interventions. Central Bank Assets: A Breakdown Here’s a look at the top 20 central banks by assets held: RankCentral Bank LocationTotal Assets (billion $USD) 1 Euro Area7,130 2 China6,621 3 U.S.6,587 4 Japan4,517 5 Switzerland1,108 6 United Kingdom1,001 7 India911 8 Brazil898 9 Singapore610 10 Hong Kong534 11 Saudi Arabia515 12 South Korea410 13 Thailand309 14 Poland303 15 Mexico296 16 Türkiye289 17 United Arab Emirates276 18 Indonesia272 19 Australia263 20 Israel259 At the top of the list is the Euro Area with $7.13 trillion in total assets, followed closely by China ($6.62 trillion) and the United States ($6.59 trillion). These three collectively hold over half of the world’s central bank assets. Switzerland, despite its smaller population, holds over $1.1 trillion, which is an outsized figure driven by foreign exchange interventions and reserve accumulation. What Are Central Bank Assets, Exactly? Central bank assets represent everything from gold and foreign currency reserves to government bonds and loans to financial institutions. These reserves serve as the foundation for a central bank’s monetary operations and its ability to influence interest rates, control inflation, and stabilize currency values. Central banks are increasingly expected to act, not only as lenders of last resort, but also as stabilizers of financial markets through asset purchases and liquidity facilities. The Rise of Emerging Markets While developed economies dominate the top of the list, emerging markets are gaining ground. India’s Reserve Bank holds $911 billion in assets, and Brazil is close behind with $898 billion. Saudi Arabia, with $515 billion, reflects its massive energy-driven surplus and the management of its sovereign wealth and currency peg. This financial clout feeds into broader global power dynamics. For example, central bank reserves help back a country’s currency in international trade. In this light, countries with large reserves wield more influence over the global economy. As seen in our article Ranking the World’s Most Powerful Reserve Currencies, reserve-backed assets play a foundational role in global finance. Final Thoughts While total asset size doesn’t measure GDP or productivity, it reveals how much firepower a central bank has to stabilize markets or influence exchange rates. Countries with larger asset bases have more levers to manage financial shocks. As we head into a new phase of monetary tightening and shifting global capital flows, understanding these asset levels offers insight into which economies are best positioned to weather future volatility.

See more visuals like this on the Voronoi app. Use This Visualization How Global Economic Power Shifted (1980–2025) See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Key Takeaways The U.S. has remained the world’s largest economy since 1980, with nominal GDP more than tenfold higher in 2025. China’s rise since 2000 is the most dramatic shift, overtaking Japan, Germany, and many others to become the world’s second-largest economy. Over the past four decades, the global economic hierarchy has undergone profound change. Some economies have grown steadily, others have surged, and a few have slipped down the rankings as new players emerged. This visualization charts the world’s top economies from 1980 to 2025. The data for this visualization comes from the IMF’s World Economic Outlook (October 2025). GDP figures are measured in current U.S. dollars and are not adjusted for inflation. The United States Remains on Top Since 1980, the United States has consistently ranked as the world’s largest economy. Its GDP rose from about $2.9 trillion in 1980 to more than $30.6 trillion by 2025. While its global share has fluctuated, the U.S. has maintained its lead due to a large domestic market, deep capital markets, and sustained productivity growth. China represents the most dramatic structural change in the global economy over the past 45 years. Rank1980GDP ($bn)2000GDP ($bn)2025 GDP ($bn) 1 U.S.2,857 U.S.10,251 U.S.30,616 2 Japan1,129 Japan4,968 China19,399 3 Germany857 Germany1,968 Germany5,014 4 France695 UK1,669 Japan4,280 5 UK605 France1,362 India4,125 6 Italy480 China1,220 UK3,959 7 China304 Italy1,150 France3,362 8 Canada276 Canada745 Italy2,544 9 Mexico242 Mexico742 Russia2,541 10 Argentina234 Brazil655 Canada2,284 In 1980, it ranked outside the top five, with GDP just over $300 billion. By 2010, China had already surpassed Germany and Japan, and by 2025 it stands firmly as the world’s second-largest economy at nearly $19.4 trillion. Japan dominated the global economy in the late 1980s and early 1990s, briefly narrowing the gap with the United States. However, slower growth and demographic headwinds caused it to lose ground, falling to fourth place by 2025. Europe’s largest economies—Germany, the United Kingdom, and France—have remained among the top 10. Emerging Markets Gain Ground Beyond China, several emerging economies climbed into the top ranks. India’s GDP expanded from under $200 billion in 1980 to more than $4.1 trillion in 2025, placing it among the world’s five largest economies. Outside of the top 10, countries such as Brazil, Mexico, Indonesia, and Türkiye have also moved up the rankings, reflecting faster growth than many advanced economies over the long run. Learn More on the Voronoi App If you enjoyed today’s post, check out Global GDP Growth Projections in 2025 on Voronoi, the new app from Visual Capitalist.

See more visualizations like this on the Voronoi app. Charted: Declining Fertility Rates in OECD Countries (1950-2025) See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Key Takeaways Across 37 out of 38 OECD countries, fertility rates are below the 2.1 replacement level needed to sustain a population’s size. While South Korea and Chile have the lowest fertility rates across the group, Israel and Mexico have the highest. Fertility rates are collapsing faster than expected around the world. In Mexico, years of declining fertility rates have pushed average births per woman to 1.9, down from 6.7 in 1950. Moreover, fertility rates in Costa Rica are lower than the U.S., standing at 1.3 births per woman. This graphic shows total fertility rates in OECD countries compared to 1950, based on data from the United Nation’s World Population Prospects: The 2024 Revision. A Closer Look at Declining Fertility Rates Below, we show the total fertility rates of countries, which represents the average number of children a woman would have in her lifetime if current birth rates remain constant. CountryTotal Fertility Rate1950Total Fertility Rate2025Change1950 to 2025 South Korea6.10.7-5.4 Chile4.81.1-3.7 Italy2.51.2-1.3 Lithuania2.71.2-1.5 Japan3.61.2-2.4 Spain2.51.2-1.3 Finland3.21.3-1.9 Poland3.71.3-2.4 Costa Rica6.31.3-5.0 Austria2.11.3-0.8 Canada3.41.3-2.1 Greece2.61.3-1.3 Latvia2.11.3-0.8 Estonia2.31.4-0.9 Belgium2.31.4-0.9 Luxembourg2.01.4-0.6 Norway2.51.4-1.1 Sweden2.31.4-0.9 Netherlands3.11.4-1.7 Switzerland2.41.4-1.0 Germany2.21.5-0.7 Czechia2.81.5-1.3 Hungary2.61.5-1.1 Iceland3.91.5-2.4 Portugal3.21.5-1.7 Denmark2.61.5-1.1 United Kingdom2.21.5-0.7 Slovakia3.61.6-2.0 Slovenia3.01.6-1.4 Ireland3.51.6-1.9 Colombia6.41.6-4.8 Türkiye6.51.6-4.9 United States3.11.6-1.5 France3.01.6-1.4 Australia3.11.6-1.5 New Zealand3.61.6-2.0 Mexico6.71.9-4.8 Israel4.62.8-1.8 South Korea’s average fertility rate has plummeted from 6.1 births per woman in 1950 to 0.7 today, one of the fastest declines globally. Fertility rates in the country fell below the replacement level more than 40 years ago and have steadily declined since. Among the factors driving down birth rates are high childbearing costs, workplace barriers, and a rigid work culture. As we can see, Chile has the second-lowest total fertility rate in the OECD, at 1.1 births per woman, falling below Japan. In 1950, the total fertility rate was 4.8—higher than the majority of OECD countries. Meanwhile, Italy faces the lowest fertility rate among European countries, at 1.2 births per woman, and France has the highest at 1.6. Similarly, the U.S. sits on the higher end of the pack, with 1.6 births per woman, even as fertility rates hit record lows. Overall, only two OECD countries—Mexico and Israel—have higher fertility rates. Learn More on the Voronoi App To learn more about this topic, check out this graphic on falling fertility rates of the world’s 10 biggest countries.